PEERAGES
Last updated 24/11/2018 (20 Jan 2024)
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
KILMAULE
1537 to     1541	V[I]	1	Edmond Fitzmaurice, 11th Baron Kerry Created Baron Odorney and Viscount Kilmaule 1537 Peerages extinct on his death		1541
KILMAURS
c 1469	B[S]	1	Alexander Cunningham Created Lord Kilmaurs c 1469 and Earl of Glencairn 28 May 1488 See "Glencairn"		11 Jun 1488
KILMAYDEN
23 Jun 1703	B[I]	1	Arthur St. Leger Created Baron Kilmayden and Viscount Doneraile 23 Jun 1703 See "Doneraile"	1657	7 Jul 1727	70
KILMOREY
8 Apr 1625	V[I]	1	Robert Needham Created Viscount Kilmorey 8 Apr 1625		26 Nov 1631
26 Nov 1631		2	Robert Needham		12 Sep 1653
12 Sep 1653		3	Robert Needham		Jan 1657
Jan 1657		4	Charles Needham		1660
1660		5	Robert Needham	1655	29 May 1668	12
29 May 1668		6	Thomas Needham	c 1660	26 Nov 1687
26 Nov 1687		7	Robert Needham	4 May 1683	2 Oct 1710	27
2 Oct 1710		8	Robert Needham	Oct 1702	19 Feb 1717	14
19 Feb 1717		9	Thomas Needham	29 Sep 1703	3 Feb 1768	64
3 Feb 1768		10	John Needham	Jan 1711	29 May 1791	80
29 May 1791		11	Robert Needham	14 Nov 1746	30 Nov 1818	72
30 Nov 1818 12 Jan 1822	E[I]	12 1	Francis Needham Created Viscount Newry & Morne and Earl of Kilmorey 12 Jan 1822 MP for Newry 1806‑1818	5 Apr 1748	21 Nov 1832	84
21 Nov 1832		2	Francis Jack Needham MP for Newry 1819‑1826	12 Dec 1787	24 Jun 1880	92
24 Jun 1880		3	Francis Charles Needham MP for Newry 1871‑1874; KP 1890	3 Aug 1842	28 Jul 1915	72
28 Jul 1915		4	Francis Charles Adelbert Henry Needham Lord Lieutenant Down 1949‑1959; PC [NI] 1936	26 Nov 1883	11 Jan 1961	77
11 Jan 1961		5	Francis Jack Richard Patrick Needham	4 Oct 1915	12 Apr 1977	61
12 Apr 1977		6	Richard Francis Needham MP for Chippenham 1979‑1983 and Wiltshire North 1983‑1997; PC 1994	29 Jan 1942
KILMUIR
19 Oct 1954 20 Jul 1962 to     27 Jan 1967	B E	1 1	Sir David Patrick Maxwell Fyfe Created Viscount Kilmuir 19 Oct 1954 and Baron Fyfe of Dornoch and and Earl of Kilmuir 20 Jul 1962 MP for West Derby 1935‑1954; Solicitor General 1942‑1945; Attorney General 1945; Home Secretary 1951‑1954; Lord Chancellor 1954‑1962; PC 1945 Peerages extinct on his death	29 May 1900	27 Jan 1967	66
KILPATRICK
10 Jul 1606	B[S]	1	James Hamilton Created Baron of Abercorn 5 Apr 1603 and Lord Paisley, Hamilton, Mountcastell and Kilpatrick, and Earl of Abercorn 10 Jul 1606 See "Abercorn"		23 Mar 1618
KILPATRICK OF KINCRAIG
16 Feb 1996 to     16 Sep 2015	B[L]		Sir Robert Kilpatrick Created Baron Kilpatrick of Kincraig for life 16 Feb 1996 Peerage extinct on his death	29 Jul 1926	16 Sep 2015	89
KILSYTH
17 Aug 1661	V[S]	1	James Livingston Created Lord Campsie and Viscount of Kilsyth 17 Aug 1661	25 Jun 1616	7 Sep 1661	45
7 Sep 1661		2	James Livingston		1706
1706 to     1716		3	William Livingston He was attainted and the peerage forfeited	29 Mar 1650	12 Jan 1733	82
KILTARTON OF GORT
15 May 1810	B[I]	1	John Prendergast-Smyth Created Baron Kiltarton of Gort 15 May 1810 and Viscount Gort 22 Jan 1816 See "Gort"	1742	23 May 1817	74
KILWARDEN
30 Sep 1795	B[I]	1	Anne Wolfe Created Baroness Kilwarden 30 Sep 1795		30 Jul 1804
30 Jul 1804 to     22 May 1830		2	John Wolfe, 2nd Viscount Kilwarden Peerage extinct on his death	11 Nov 1769	22 May 1830	60
3 Jul 1798 29 Dec 1800	B[I] V[I]	1 1	Arthur Wolfe Created Baron Kilwarden 3 Jul 1798 and Viscount Kilwarden 29 Dec 1800 MP [I] for Coleraine 1783‑1789, Jamestown 1790‑1797, Ardfert 1798 and Dublin City 1798; Solicitor General [I] 1789‑1798; Chief Justice of the Kings Bench [I] 1798‑1803; PC [I] 1789 For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	19 Jan 1739	28 Jul 1803	64
28 Jul 1803 to     22 May 1830		2	John Wolfe, later [1804] 2nd Baron Kilwarden MP [I] for Ardee 1790‑1798 Peerage extinct on his death	11 Nov 1769	22 May 1830	60
KILWARLIN
3 Oct 1751	V[I]	1	Wills Hill, 2nd Viscount Hillsborough Created Viscount Kilwarlin and Earl of Hillsborough [I] 3 Oct 1751, Baron Harwich 17 Nov 1756 and Viscount Fairford and Earl of Hillsborough [GB] 28 Aug 1772 For details of the special remainder included in the creations of 1751, see the note at the foot of the page containing details of the Earldom of Hillsborough He was subsequently created Marquess of Downshire with which title these peerages then merged
KILWORTH
14 Jul 1764	B[I]	1	Stephen Moore Created Baron Kilworth 14 Jul 1764 and Viscount Mount Cashell 22 Jan 1766 See "Mount Cashell"	c 1695	1 Mar 1766
KIMBALL
9 May 1985 to     26 Mar 2014	B[L]		Sir Marcus Richard Kimball Created Baron Kimball for life 9 May 1985 MP for Gainsborough 1956‑1983 Peerage extinct on his death	18 Oct 1928	26 Mar 2014	85
KIMBERLEY
1 Jun 1866	E	1	John Wodehouse, 3rd Baron Wodehouse of Kimberley Created Earl of Kimberley 1 Jun 1866 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1864‑1866; Lord Privy Seal 1868‑1870; Secretary of State for the Colonies 1870‑1874 and 1880‑1882; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1882; Secretary of State for India 1882‑1885 and 1886; PC 1864; KG 1885	7 Jan 1826	8 Apr 1902	76
8 Apr 1902		2	John Wodehouse For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	10 Dec 1848	7 Jan 1932	83
7 Jan 1932		3	John Wodehouse MP for Norfolk Mid 1906‑1910	11 Nov 1883	16 Apr 1941	57
16 Apr 1941		4	John Wodehouse For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	12 May 1924	26 May 2002	78
26 May 2002		5	John Armine Wodehouse	15 Jan 1951
KINCARDINE
6 May 1644	E[S]	1	James Graham Created Lord Graham and Mugdock, Earl of Kincardine and Marquess of Montrose 6 May 1644 See "Montrose"	1612	21 May 1650	37
26 Dec 1647	E[S]	1	Edward Bruce Created Lord Bruce of Torry and Earl of Kincardine 26 Dec 1647		1662
1662		2	Alexander Bruce	c 1629	9 Jul 1680
9 Jul 1680		3	Alexander Bruce	5 Jun 1666	10 Nov 1705	39
10 Nov 1705		4	Alexander Bruce	c 1636	10 Oct 1706
10 Oct 1706		5	Robert Bruce		1718
1718		6	Alexander Bruce	19 Jan 1662	1721	59
1721		7	Thomas Bruce	19 Mar 1663	23 Mar 1740	77
23 Mar 1740		8	William Bruce		8 Sep 1740
8 Sep 1740		9	Charles Bruce He succeeded as 5th Earl of Elgin in 1747 with which title this peerage then became united and so remains	26 Jul 1732	14 May 1771	38
3 Nov 1684	B[S]	1	George Gordon, 4th Marquess of Huntly Created Lord Badenoch, Lochaber, Strathavon, Balmore, Auchindoun, Garthie and Kincardine, Viscount of Inverness, Earl of Huntly and Enzie, Marquess of Huntly and Duke of Gordon 3 Nov 1684 See "Gordon" - extinct 1836	c 1643	7 Dec 1716
24 Apr 1707	E[S]	1	James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose Created Lord Aberruthven, Viscount of Dundaff, Earl of Kincardine, Marquess of Graham and Duke of Montrose 24 Apr 1707 See "Montrose"	1682	7 Jan 1742	59
KINCLEVEN
20 Aug 1607	B[S]	1	John Stewart Created Lord Kincleven 20 Aug 1607 and Earl of Carrick 22 Jul 1628 Peerages extinct on his death		1652
KINDERSLEY
28 Jan 1941	B	1	Sir Robert Molesworth Kindersley Created Baron Kindersley 28 Jan 1941	21 Nov 1871	20 Jul 1954	82
20 Jul 1954		2	Hugh Kenyon Molesworth Kindersley	7 May 1899	6 Oct 1976	77
6 Oct 1976		3	Robert Hugh Molesworth Kindersley	18 Aug 1929	9 Oct 2013	84
9 Oct 2013		4	Rupert John Molesworth Kindersley	11 Mar 1955
KING OF BOW
26 Jan 2011	B[L]		Oona Tamsyn King Created Baroness King of Bow for life 26 Jan 2011 MP for Bethnal Green & Bow 1997‑2005	22 Oct 1967
KING OF BRIDGWATER
9 Jul 2001	B[L]		Thomas Jeremy King Created Baron King of Bridgwater for life 9 Jul 2001 MP for Bridgwater 1970‑2001; Minister for Local Government 1979‑1983; Secretary of State for the Environment 1983; Secretary of State for Transport 1983; Secretary of State for Employment 1983‑1985; Secretary of State for Northern Ireland 1985‑1989; Secretary of State for Defence 1989‑1992; PC 1979; CH 1992	13 Jun 1933
KING OF LOTHBURY
19 Jul 2013	B[L]		Sir Mervyn Allister King Created Baron King of Lothbury for life 19 Jul 2013 Governor of the Bank of England 2003‑2013; KG 2014	30 Mar 1948
KING OF OCKHAM
29 May 1725	B	1	Peter King Created Baron King of Ockham 29 May 1725 MP for Bere Alston 1701‑1715; Chief Justice of the Common Pleas 1714‑1725; Lord Chancellor 1725‑1733; PC 1715	c 1669	22 Jul 1734
22 Jul 1734		2	John King MP for Launceston 1727‑1735 and Exeter 1734	13 Jan 1706	10 Feb 1740	34
10 Feb 1740		3	Peter King	13 Mar 1709	22 Mar 1754	45
22 Mar 1754		4	William King	15 Apr 1711	16 Apr 1767	56
16 Apr 1767		5	Thomas King	19 Mar 1712	24 Apr 1779	67
24 Apr 1779		6	Peter King	6 Oct 1736	23 Nov 1793	57
23 Nov 1793		7	Peter King	31 Aug 1775	4 Jun 1833	57
4 Jun 1833		8	William King-Noel He was created Earl of Lovelace in 1838 with which title this peerage then merged	21 Feb 1805	29 Dec 1893	88
KING OF WARTNABY
15 Jul 1983 to     12 Jul 2005	B[L]		Sir John Leonard King Created Baron King of Wartnaby for life 15 Jul 1983 Peerage extinct on his death	29 Aug 1918	12 Jul 2005	86
KING OF WEST BROMWICH
22 Jul 1999 to     9 Jan 2013	B[L]		Tarsem King Created Baron King of West Bromwich for life 22 Jul 1999 Peerage extinct on his death	24 Apr 1937	9 Jan 2013	75
KINGARTH
14 Apr 1703	V[S]	1	Sir James Stuart Created Lord Mount Stuart, Cumra and Inchmarnock, Viscount of Kingarth and Earl of Bute 14 Apr 1703 See "Bute"		4 Jun 1710
KING-HALL
15 Jan 1966 to     2 Jun 1966	B[L]		Sir William Stephen Richard King‑Hall Created Baron King-Hall for life 15 Jan 1966 MP for Ormskirk 1939‑1945 Peerage extinct on his death	21 Jan 1893	2 Jun 1966	73
KINGHORNE
10 Jul 1606	E[S]	1	Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis Created Lord Lyon and Glamis and Earl of Kinghorne 10 Jul 1606	1575	1 Sep 1616	41
1 Sep 1616		2	John Lyon	13 Aug 1596	12 May 1647	50
12 May 1647		3	Patrick Lyon On 1 July 1677 he received a new charter as Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Viscount Lyon, Lord Glamis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw and Stradichtie with the original precedence	29 May 1643	15 May 1695	51
KINGSALE
			For information on the right of members of the de Courcy family to wear their hats in the presence of the sovereign, see the note at the foot of this page
29 May 1223	B[I]	1	Miles de Courcy Created Baron Kingsale 29 May 1223		c 1230
c 1230		2	Patrick de Courcy		c 1260
c 1260		3	Nicholas de Courcy		c 1290
c 1290		4	Edmund de Courcy		c 1302
c 1302		5	John de Courcy		c 1303
c 1303		6	Miles de Courcy		c 1338
c 1338		7	Miles de Courcy		1358
1358		8	John de Courcy		c 1387
c 1387		9	William de Courcy		c 1410
c 1410		10	Nicholas de Courcy		c 1430
c 1430		11	Patrick de Courcy		c 1460
c 1460		12	Nicholas de Courcy		Feb 1476
Feb 1476		13	James de Courcy		c 1499
c 1499		14	Edmond de Courcy		c 1505
c 1505		15	David de Courcy		c 1520
c 1520		16	John de Courcy		1535
1535		17	Gerald de Courcy		1599
1599		18	John de Courcy		25 Jul 1628
25 Jul 1628		19	Gerald de Courcy		c 1642
c 1642		20	Patrick de Courcy		1663
1663		21	John de Courcy		19 May 1667
19 May 1667		22	Patrick de Courcy	c 1660	1669
1669		23	Almericus de Courcy	c 1664	9 Feb 1720
9 Feb 1720		24	Gerald de Courcy PC [I] 1744	1700	1 Dec 1759	59
1 Dec 1759		25	John de Courcy	c 1717	3 Mar 1776
3 Mar 1776		26	John de Courcy		24 May 1822
24 May 1822		27	Thomas de Courcy	10 Jan 1774	25 Jan 1832	57
25 Jan 1832		28	John Stapleton de Courcy	17 Sep 1805	7 Jan 1847	41
7 Jan 1847		29	John Constantine de Courcy	5 Nov 1827	15 Jun 1865	37
15 Jun 1865		30	Michael Conrad de Courcy	21 Dec 1828	15 Apr 1874	45
15 Apr 1874		31	John Fitzroy de Courcy	30 Mar 1821	20 Nov 1890	69
20 Nov 1890		32	Michael William de Courcy	29 Sep 1822	16 Nov 1895	73
16 Nov 1895		33	Michael Constantine de Courcy	8 May 1855	24 Jan 1931	75
24 Jan 1931		34	Michael William Robert de Courcy	26 Sep 1882	7 Nov 1969	87
7 Nov 1969		35	John de Courcy	27 Jan 1941	15 Sep 2005	64
15 Sep 2005		36	Nevinson Mark de Courcy	11 May 1958
2 Apr 1625	V[I]	1	Sir Dominick Sarsfield, 1st baronet Created Baron of Barretts County and Viscount Kingsale 2 Apr 1625 After his creation as Viscount Kingsale, the de Courcy family, Barons Kingsale, complained that the Kingsale title belonged to them, and the title was therefore exchanged for that of Viscount Sarsfield of Kilmallock 17 Sep 1627, with the precedence of 2 Apr 1625 - see "Sarsfield of Kilmallock"	c 1570	Dec 1636
KINGSBOROUGH
13 Jun 1748 to     22 May 1755	B[I]	1	Sir Robert King, 4th baronet Created Baron Kingsborough 13 Jun 1748 MP [I] for Boyle 1743‑1748 Peerage extinct on his death	18 Feb 1724	22 May 1755	31
KINGSDOWN
28 Aug 1858 to     7 Oct 1867	B	1	Thomas Pemberton-Leigh Created Baron Kingsdown 28 Aug 1858 MP for Rye 1831 and Ripon 1835‑1843; PC 1843 Peerage extinct on his death	11 Feb 1793	7 Oct 1867	74
14 Jul 1993 to     24 Nov 2013	B[L]		Robert Leigh-Pemberton Created Baron Kingsdown for life 14 Jul 1993 Governor of the Bank of England 1983‑1993; Lord Lieutenant Kent 1982‑2002; PC 1987; KG 1994 Peerage extinct on his death	5 Jan 1927	24 Nov 2013	86
KINGSLAND
7 Oct 1994 to     12 Jul 2009	B[L]		Sir Christopher James Prout Created Baron Kingsland for life 7 Oct 1994 MEP for Salop & Stafford 1979‑1984 and Shropshire & Stafford 1984‑1994; PC 1994 Peerage extinct on his death	1 Jan 1942	12 Jul 2009	67
KINGSMILL
1 Jun 2006	B[L]		Denise Patricia Byrne Kingsmill Created Baroness Kingsmill for life 1 Jun 2006	24 Apr 1947
KINGS NORTON
22 Jun 1965 to     21 Dec 1997	B[L]		Harold Roxbee Cox Created Baron Kings Norton for life 22 Jun 1965 Peerage extinct on his death	6 Jun 1902	21 Dec 1997	95
KINGSTON (Ireland)
4 Sep 1660	B[I]	1	John King Created Baron Kingston 4 Sep 1660		1676
1676		2	Robert King		Dec 1693
Dec 1693		3	John King	c 1664	15 Feb 1728
15 Feb 1728 to     28 Dec 1761		4	James King PC [I] 1729 Peerage extinct on his death	1693	28 Dec 1761	68
13 Jul 1764 15 Nov 1766 25 Aug 1768	B[I] V[I] E[I]	1 1 1	Sir Edward King, 5th baronet Created Baron Kingston of Rockingham 13 Jul 1764, Viscount Kingston of Kingsborough 15 Nov 1766 and Earl of Kingston 25 Aug 1768 MP [I] for Boyle 1749‑1761 and Sligo County 1761‑1764; PC [I] 1794	29 Mar 1726	8 Nov 1797	71
8 Nov 1797		2	Robert King MP [I] for Boyle 1776‑1783 and Cork County 1783‑1797 For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	1754	17 Apr 1799	44
17 Apr 1799 17 Jul 1821	B	3 1	George King Created Baron Kingston of Mitchelstown 17 Jul 1821 MP [I] for Roscommon County 1798‑1799 For further information on this peer's eldest son, known by the courtesy title of Viscount Kingsborough, see the note at the foot of this page	28 Apr 1771	18 Oct 1839	68
18 Oct 1839		4 2	Robert Henry King MP for co. Cork 1826‑1832 For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	4 Oct 1796	21 Jan 1867	70
21 Jan 1867 to     8 Sep 1869		5 3	James King On his death the Barony of 1821 became extinct whilst the other peerages passed to -	8 Apr 1800	8 Sep 1869	69
8 Sep 1869		6	Robert King, 2nd Viscount Lorton MP for Roscommon 1826‑1830	17 Jul 1804	16 Oct 1869	65
16 Oct 1869		7	Robert Edward King	18 Oct 1831	21 Jun 1871	39
21 Jun 1871		8	Henry Ernest Newcomen King‑Tenison Lord Lieutenant Roscommon 1888‑1896	31 Jul 1848	13 Jan 1896	47
13 Jan 1896		9	Henry Edwyn King‑Tenison	19 Sep 1874	11 Jan 1946	71
11 Jan 1946		10	Robert Henry Ethelbert King‑Tenison	27 Nov 1897	17 Jul 1948	50
17 Jul 1948		11	Barclay Robert Edwin King‑Tenison	23 Sep 1943	19 Mar 2002	58
19 Mar 2002		12	Robert Charles Henry King‑Tenison	20 Mar 1969
KINGSTON (Scotland)
6 Feb 1651	V[S]	1	Alexander Seton Created Viscount of Kingston 6 Feb 1651	1621	21 Oct 1691	70
21 Oct 1691		2	Archibald Seton	5 Oct 1661	1713	51
1713 to     1715		3	James Seton He was attainted and the peerage forfeited		c 1726
KINGSTON UPON HULL
25 Jul 1628	E	1	Robert Pierrepont Created Baron Pierrepont 29 Jun 1627, and Viscount Newark and Earl of Kingston‑upon‑Hull 25 Jul 1628	6 Aug 1584	30 Jul 1643	58
30 Jul 1643		2	Henry Pierrepont MP for Nottinghamshire 1628; Lord Lieutenant Nottingham 1642 He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of Acceleration as Baron Pierrepont 11 Jan 1641. Created Marquess of Dorchester 25 Mar 1645	Mar 1607	1 Dec 1680	73
1 Dec 1680		3	Robert Pierrepont	c 1660	Jun 1682
Jun 1682		4	William Pierrepont Lord Lieutenant Nottingham and East Riding Yorkshire 1689‑1690	c 1662	17 Sep 1690
17 Sep 1690 10 Aug 1715	D	5 1	Evelyn Pierrepont Created Marquess of Dorchester 23 Dec 1706 and Duke of Kingston upon Hull 10 Aug 1715 MP for East Retford 1689‑1690; Lord Privy Seal 1716‑1718 and 1720‑1726; Lord President of the Council 1719‑1720; PC 1708; KG 1719	27 Feb 1667	5 Mar 1726	59
5 Mar 1726 to     23 Sep 1773		2	Evelyn Pierrepont Lord Lieutenant Nottingham 1763‑1765; KG 1741 Peerages extinct on his death	1711	23 Sep 1773	62
KINGSTON UPON THAMES
22 Jan 1621 to     28 Feb 1626	B	1	John Ramsay, 1st Viscount of Haddington Created Baron of Kingston upon Thames and Earl of Holdernesse 22 Jan 1621 Peerages extinct on his death	c 1580	28 Feb 1626
KINLOSS
2 Feb 1602	B[S]	1	Edward Bruce Created Lord Kinloss 2 Feb 1602		14 Jan 1611
14 Jan 1611		2	Edward Bruce		Aug 1613
Aug 1613		3	Thomas Bruce, later [1633] 1st Earl of Elgin	2 Dec 1599	21 Dec 1663	64
21 Dec 1663		4	Robert Bruce, 2nd Earl of Elgin	19 Mar 1626	20 Oct 1685	59
20 Oct 1685		5	Thomas Bruce, 3rd Earl of Elgin	1656	16 Dec 1741	85
16 Dec 1741		6	Charles Bruce, 4th Earl of Elgin	29 May 1682	10 Feb 1747	64
10 Feb 1747		7	James Brydges, later [1771] 3rd Duke of Chandos	16 Dec 1731	29 Sep 1789	57
29 Sep 1789		8	Anne Elizabeth Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville	27 Oct 1779	15 May 1836	56
15 May 1836		9	Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, later [1839] 2nd Duke of Buckingham & Chandos	11 Feb 1797	29 Jul 1861	64
29 Jul 1861		10	Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, 3rd Duke of Buckingham & Chandos	10 Sep 1823	26 Mar 1889	65
26 Mar 1889		11	Mary Morgan-Grenville	30 Sep 1852	17 Oct 1944	92
17 Oct 1944		12	Beatrice Mary Grenville Freeman‑Grenville	18 Aug 1922	30 Sep 2012	90
30 Sep 2012		13	Teresa Mary Nugent Grenville Freeman‑Grenville	20 Jul 1957
KINNAIRD
28 Dec 1682	B[S]	1	George Kinnaird Created Lord Kinnaird 28 Dec 1682		29 Dec 1689
29 Dec 1689		2	Patrick Kinnaird		18 Feb 1701
18 Feb 1701		3	Patrick Kinnaird		31 Mar 1715
31 Mar 1715		4	Patrick Kinnaird	1710	Oct 1727	17
Oct 1727		5	Charles Kinnaird		16 Jul 1758
16 Jul 1758		6	Charles Kinnaird		2 Aug 1767
2 Aug 1767		7	George Kinnaird	1754	11 Oct 1805	51
11 Oct 1805		8	Charles Kinnaird MP for Leominster 1802‑1805	8 Apr 1780	12 Dec 1826	46
12 Dec 1826 1 Sep 1860	B	9 1	George William Fox Kinnaird Created Baron Rossie 20 June 1831 and Baron Kinnaird 1 Sep 1860 For details of the special remainder included in the creation of the Barony of 1860, see the note at the foot of this page Lord Lieutenant Perth 1866‑1878; PC 1840; KT 1857	14 Apr 1807	7 Jan 1878	70
7 Jan 1878		10 2	Arthur FitzGerald Kinnaird MP for Perth 1837‑1839 and 1852‑1878	8 Jul 1814	26 Apr 1887	72
26 Apr 1887		11 3	Arthur FitzGerald Kinnaird KT 1914	16 Feb 1847	30 Jan 1923	75
30 Jan 1923		12 4	Kenneth FitzGerald Kinnaird Lord Lieutenant Perthshire 1942‑1960; KT 1957	31 Jul 1880	5 Jul 1972	91
5 Jul 1972 to     27 Feb 1997		13 5	Graham Charles Kinnaird Peerages extinct on his death	15 Sep 1912	27 Feb 1997	84
KINNEAR
5 Feb 1897 to     20 Dec 1917	B	1	Alexander Smith Kinnear Created Baron Kinnear 5 Feb 1897 PC 1911 Peerage extinct on his death	3 Nov 1833	20 Dec 1917	84
KINNOCK
28 Jan 2005	B[L]		Neil Gordon Kinnock Created Baron Kinnock for life 28 Jan 2005 MP for Bedwellty 1970‑1983 and Islwyn 1983‑1995; Leader of the HM Opposition 1983‑1992; PC 1983	28 Mar 1942
KINNOCK OF HOLYHEAD
30 Jun 2009 to     3 Dec 2023	B[L]		Glenys Elizabeth Kinnock Created Baroness Kinnock of Holyhead for life 30 Jun 2009 MEP for South Wales East 1994‑1999 and Wales 1999‑2009 Peerage extinct on her death	7 Jul 1944	3 Dec 2023	79
KINNOULL
25 May 1633	E[S]	1	George Hay Created Lord Hay of Kinfauns and Viscount Dupplin 4 May 1627, and Lord Hay of Kinfauns, Viscount Dupplin and Earl of Kinnoull 25 May 1633 Chancellor of Scotland 1622‑1634	1572	16 Dec 1634	62
16 Dec 1634		2	George Hay		5 Oct 1644
5 Oct 1644		3	George Hay		20 Nov 1649
20 Nov 1649		4	William Hay		28 May 1677
28 May 1677		5	George Hay		1687
1687		6	Thomas Hay		10 May 1709
10 May 1709		7	Thomas Hay Created Viscount Dupplin 31 Dec 1697	c 1669	Jan 1719
Jan 1719		8	George Hay Created Baron Hay of Pedwardine 31 Dec 1711 MP for Fowey 1710‑1711	after 1683	29 Jul 1758
29 Jul 1758		9	Thomas Hay MP for Cambridge 1741‑1758; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1758‑1762; PC 1758	4 Jun 1710	27 Dec 1787	77
27 Sep 1787		10	Robert Auriol Hay‑Drummond PC 1796	18 Mar 1751	12 Apr 1804	53
12 Apr 1804		11	Thomas Hay-Drummond Lord Lieutenant Perthshire 1830‑1866	5 Apr 1785	18 Feb 1866	80
18 Feb 1866		12	George Hay-Drummond For information on the death of his eldest son and heir, see the note at the foot of this page	15 Jul 1827	31 Jan 1897	69
31 Jan 1897		13	Archibald Fitzroy George Hay	20 Jun 1855	7 Feb 1916	60
7 Feb 1916		14	George Harley Hay	30 Mar 1902	18 Mar 1938	35
18 Mar 1938		15	Arthur William George Patrick Hay	26 Mar 1935	7 Jun 2013	78
7 Jun 2013		16	Charles William Harley Hay [Elected hereditary peer 2015-]	20 Dec 1962
KINRARA
13 Jan 1876	E	1	Charles Henry Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond Created Earl of Kinrara and Duke of Gordon 13 Jan 1876 See "Richmond"	27 Feb 1818	27 Sep 1903	85
KINROSS
15 Jul 1902	B	1	John Blair Balfour Created Baron Kinross 15 Jul 1902 MP for Clackmannanshire & Kinross-shire 1880‑1899; Solicitor General for Scotland 1880; Lord Advocate 1881‑1885, 1886 and 1892‑1895; PC 1883	11 Jul 1837	22 Jan 1905	67
22 Jan 1905		2	Patrick Balfour	23 Apr 1870	28 Jul 1939	69
28 Jul 1939		3	John Patrick Douglas Balfour	25 Jun 1904	4 Jun 1976	71
4 Jun 1976		4	David Andrew Balfour	29 Mar 1906	20 Jul 1985	79
20 Jul 1985		5	Christopher Patrick Balfour	1 Oct 1949
KINTORE
20 Jun 1677	E[S]	1	John Keith Created Lord Keith of Inverury and Earl of Kintore 20 Jun 1677		12 Apr 1715
12 Apr 1715		2	William Keith		5 Dec 1718
5 Dec 1718		3	John Keith	21 May 1699	22 Nov 1758	59
22 Nov 1758 to     22 Nov 1761		4	William Keith On his death the peerage became dormant	5 Jan 1702	22 Nov 1761	59
28 May 1778		5	Anthony Adrian Keith-Falconer, 8th Lord Falconer Right to peerage recognized in 1778 Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1794‑1804		30 Aug 1804
30 Aug 1804		6	William Keith-Falconer	11 Dec 1766	6 Oct 1812	45
6 Oct 1812 5 Jul 1838	B	7 1	Anthony Adrian Keith‑Falconer Created Baron Kintore 5 Jul 1838	20 Apr 1794	11 Jul 1844	50
11 Jul 1844		8 2	Francis Alexander Keith‑Falconer Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1856‑1863 and Aberdeen 1863‑1880	7 Jun 1828	18 Jul 1880	52
18 Jul 1880		9 3	Algernon Hawkins Thomond Keith‑Falconer Governor of South Australia 1889‑1895; PC 1886; KT 1923	12 Aug 1852	3 Mar 1930	77
3 Mar 1930 to     25 May 1966		10 4	Arthur George Keith‑Falconer On his death the Barony became extinct whilst the Earldom passed to -	5 Jan 1879	25 May 1966	87
25 May 1966		11	Ethel Sydney	20 Sep 1874	21 Sep 1974	100
21 Sep 1974		12	James Ian Keith, 2nd Viscount Stonehaven	25 Jul 1908	1 Oct 1989	81
1 Oct 1989		13	Michael Canning William John Keith	22 Feb 1939	30 Oct 2004	65
30 Oct 2004		14	James William Falconer Keith	15 Apr 1976
KINTYRE
12 Feb 1626 to     1645	B[S]	1	James Campbell Created Lord Kintyre 12 Feb 1626 and Lord Lundie and Earl of Irvine 28 Mar 1642 Peerages extinct on his death	c 1610	1645
KINTYRE AND LORN
23 Jun 1701	M[S]	1	Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl of Argyll Created Lord of Inverary, Mull, Morvern and Tirie, Viscount of Lochow and Glenyla, Earl of Campbell and Cowall, Marquess of Kintyre and Lorn and Duke of Argyll 23 Jun 1701 See "Argyll"		21 Oct 1703
KIRKCALDY
8 Apr 1690	B[S]	1	George Melville, 4th Lord Melville Created Lord Raith, Monymaill and Balwearie, Viscount of Kirkcaldy and Earl of Melville 8 Apr 1690 See "Melville"	1636	20 May 1707	70
KIRKCUDBRIGHT
25 Jun 1633	B[S]	1	Sir Robert Maclellan, 1st baronet Created Lord Kirkcudbright 25 Jun 1633		1641
1641		2	Thomas Maclellan		May 1647
May 1647		3	John Maclellan		1664
1664		4	William Maclellan		1669
1669		5	John Maclellan		c 1678
c 1678		6	James Maclellan	1661	6 Sep 1730	69
6 Sep 1730		7	William Maclellan		1762
1762		8	John Maclellan	1729	24 Dec 1801	72
24 Dec 1801		9	Sholto Henry Maclellan	15 Aug 1771	16 Apr 1827	55
16 Apr 1827 to     19 Apr 1832		10	Camden Gray Maclellan On his death the peerage became either extinct or dormant	20 Apr 1774	19 Apr 1832	57
KIRKETON
14 Aug 1362 to     20 Feb 1367	B	1	John de Kirketon Summoned to Parliament as Lord Kirketon 14 Aug 1362 Peerage extinct on his death		20 Feb 1367
KIRKHAM
23 Jul 1999	B[L]		Sir Graham Kirkham Created Baron Kirkham for life 23 Jul 1999	14 Dec 1944
KIRKHILL
17 Jul 1975 to     21 Mar 2023	B[L]		John Farquharson Smith Created Baron Kirkhill for life 17 Jul 1975 Minister of State, Scotland 1975‑1978 Peerage extinct on his death	7 May 1930	21 Mar 2023	92
KIRKHOPE OF HARROGATE
1 Sep 2016	B[L]		Timothy John Robert Kirkhope Created Baron Kirkhope of Harrogate for life 1 Sep 2016 MP for Leeds North East 1987‑1997; MEP for Yorkshire and the Humber 1999‑2016	29 Apr 1945
KIRKLEY
21 Jan 1930 to     11 Sep 1935	B	1	Sir William Joseph Noble, 1st baronet Created Baron Kirkley 21 Jan 1930 Peerage extinct on his death	13 Jan 1863	11 Sep 1935	72
KIRKWALL
3 Jan 1696	V[S]	1	Lord George Hamilton Created Lord Dechmont, Viscount of Kirkwall and Earl of Orkney 3 Jan 1696 See "Orkney"	9 Feb 1666	29 Jan 1737	70
KIRKWOOD
22 Dec 1951	B	1	David Kirkwood Created Baron Kirkwood 22 Dec 1951 MP for Dumbarton Burghs 1922‑1950 and Dunbartonshire East 1950‑1951; PC 1948	8 Jul 1872	16 Apr 1955	82
16 Apr 1955		2	David Kirkwood	15 Oct 1903	9 Mar 1970	66
9 Mar 1970		3	David Harvie Kirkwood	24 Nov 1931	15 Apr 2023	91
15 Apr 2023		4	James Stuart Kirkwood	19 Jun 1937
KIRKWOOD OF KIRKHOPE
10 Jun 2005	B[L]		Sir Archibald Johnstone Kirkwood Created Baron Kirkwood of Kirkhope for life 10 Jun 2005 MP for Roxburgh & Berwickshire 1983‑2005	22 Apr 1946
KISSIN
27 Jun 1974 to     22 Nov 1997	B[L]		Harry Kissin Created Baron Kissin for life 27 Jun 1974 Peerage extinct on his death	23 Aug 1912	22 Nov 1997	85
KITCHENER OF KHARTOUM
1 Nov 1898 to     5 Jun 1916 11 Jul 1902 27 Jul 1914	B V E	1 1 1	Horatio Herbert Kitchener Created Baron Kitchener 1 Nov 1898, Viscount Kitchener 11 Jul 1902 and Baron Denton, Viscount Broome and Earl Kitchener of Khartoum 27 Jul 1914 For details of the special remainders included in the creations of 1902 and 1914, see the note at the foot of this page Governor General of the Sudan 1899; Field Marshal 1909; Secretary of State for War 1914; OM 1902; KP 1911; PC 1914; KG 1915 On his death the Barony became extinct, but the Viscountcy and Earldom passed to -	24 Jun 1850	5 Jun 1916	65
5 Jun 1916		2	Henry Elliott Chevallier Kitchener	5 Oct 1846	27 Mar 1937	90
27 Mar 1937 to     16 Dec 2011		3	Henry Herbert Kitchener Peerages extinct on his death	24 Feb 1919	16 Dec 2011	92
KNAPTON
10 Apr 1750	B[I]	1	Sir John Denny Vesey, 2nd baronet Created Baron Knapton 10 Apr 1750 MP [I] for Newtown(ards) 1727‑1750	1709	25 Jul 1761	51
25 Jul 1761		2	Thomas Vesey He was created Viscount de Vesci in 1776 with which title this peerage then merged		13 Oct 1804
KNARESBOROUGH
26 Dec 1905	B	1	Sir Henry Meysey Meysey-Thompson, 2nd baronet Created Baron Knaresborough 26 Dec 1905 MP for Knaresborough 1880, Brigg 1885‑1886 and Handsworth 1892‑1905 Peerage extinct on his death	30 Aug 1845	3 Mar 1929	83
KNEBWORTH
28 Apr 1880	V	1	Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer‑Lytton, 2nd Baron Lytton Created Viscount Knebworth and Earl of Lytton 28 Apr 1880 See "Lytton"	8 Nov 1831	24 Nov 1891	60
KNIGHT OF COLLINGTREE
23 Sep 1997 to     6 Apr 2022	B[L]		Dame Joan Christabel Jill Knight Created Baroness Knight of Collingtree for life 23 Sep 1997 MP for Edgbaston 1966‑1997 Peerage extinct on her death	9 Jul 1923	6 Apr 2022	98
KNIGHT OF WEYMOUTH
23 Jun 2010	B[L]		James Knight Created Baron Knight of Weymouth for life 23 Jun 2010 MP for Dorset South 2001‑2010; PC 2008	6 Mar 1965
KNIGHTLEY
23 Aug 1892 to     19 Dec 1895	B	1	Sir Rainald Knightley, 3rd baronet Created Baron Knightley 23 Aug 1892 MP for Northamptonshire South 1852‑1892 Peerage extinct on his death	22 Oct 1819	19 Dec 1895	76
KNIGHTS
22 Jul 1987 to     11 Dec 2014	B[L]		Sir Philip Douglas Knights Created Baron Knights for life 22 Jul 1987 Peerage extinct on his death	3 Oct 1920	11 Dec 2014	94
KNOLLYS
18 Aug 1626 to     25 May 1632	B	1	William Knollys Created Baron Knollys 13 May 1603, Viscount Wallingford 7 Nov 1616 and Earl of Banbury 18 Aug 1626 On his death the peerage was considered to be extinct, although there were legitimate heirs	c 1547	25 May 1632
21 Jul 1902 4 Jul 1911	B V	1 1	Sir Francis Knollys Created Baron Knollys 21 Jul 1902 and Viscount Knollys 4 Jul 1911 PC 1910	16 Jul 1837	15 Aug 1924	87
15 Aug 1924		2	Edward George William Tyrwhitt Knollys	16 Jan 1895	3 Dec 1966	71
3 Dec 1966		3	David Francis Dudley Knollys	12 Jun 1931	21 Apr 2023	91
21 Apr 2023		4	Patrick Nicholas Mark Knollys	11 Mar 1962
KNOVILL
23 Jun 1295	B	1	Bogo de Knovill Summoned to Parliament as Lord Knovill 23 Jun 1295		1306
1306		2	Bogo de Knovill	1276	Oct 1338	62
Oct 1338		3	John de Knovill Of whom nothing further is known	1315	after 1338
KNUTSFORD
23 Feb 1888 3 Aug 1895	B V	1 1	Sir Henry Thurstan Holland, 2nd baronet Created Baron Knutsford 23 Feb 1888 and Viscount Knutsford 3 Aug 1895 MP for Midhurst 1874‑1885 and Hampstead 1885‑1888; Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1885; Secretary of State for Colonies 1887‑1892; PC 1885	3 Aug 1825	29 Jan 1914	88
29 Jan 1914		2	Sydney George Holland	19 Mar 1855	27 Jul 1931	76
27 Jul 1931		3	Arthur Henry Holland‑Hibbert	19 Mar 1855	16 Jan 1935	79
16 Jan 1935		4	Thurstan Holland-Hibbert	19 Jun 1888	17 Feb 1976	87
17 Feb 1976		5	Julian Thurstan Holland‑Hibbert	3 May 1920	8 Mar 1986	65
8 Mar 1986		6	Michael Holland-Hibbert	27 Dec 1926
KNYVET DE ESCRICK
4 Jul 1607 to     27 Apr 1622	B	1	Thomas Knyvet Summoned to Parliament as Lord Knyvet de Escrick 4 Jul 1607 Peerage extinct on his death		27 Apr 1622
KRAMER
22 Dec 2010	B[L]		Susan Veronica Kramer Created Baroness Kramer for life 22 Dec 2010 MP for Richmond Park 2005‑2010; PC 2014	21 Jul 1950
KREBS
28 Mar 2007	B[L]		Sir John Richard Krebs Created Baron Krebs for life 28 Mar 2007	11 Apr 1945
KYLSANT
14 Feb 1923 to     5 Jun 1937	B	1	Sir Owen Crosby Philipps Created Baron Kylsant 14 Feb 1923 MP for Pembroke & Haverfordwest 1906‑1910 and Chester 1916‑1922; Lord Lieutenant Haverfordwest 1924‑1931 Peerage extinct on his death For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	25 Mar 1863	5 Jun 1937	74
KYME
23 Jun 1295	B	1	Philip de Kyme Summoned to Parliament as Lord Kyme 23 Jun 1295		1323
1323 to     1338		2	William de Kyme Peerage extinct on his death	c 1283	1338
KYNNAIRD
31 Dec 1660	V[S]	1	James Levingston, 1st Viscount of Newburgh Created Lord Livingston of Flacraig, Viscount of Kynnaird and Earl of Newburgh 31 Dec 1660 See "Newburgh"	c 1622	6 Dec 1670

	Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden
	Wolfe was the son of John Wolfe, a wealthy man from Forenaughts in county Kildare. From an early age, he demonstrated a hatred of persecution and injustice. Rising through the legal ranks, he was appointed Solicitor General for Ireland in 1789.
	In one case, in 1795, he was called upon to prosecute a number of young boys who were charged with high treason and who would be hanged if found guilty. The presiding judge was Lord Carleton of Clare, who had the reputation of being merciless, to the extent that he once sentenced two brothers to death, even though he was their guardian under the will of their father.
	Carleton opened the trial by asking Wolfe, "are you ready to go on with the trial of these traitors?" Wolfe was incensed that the judge appeared to thus condemned the prisoners before the trial had begun, and thereupon did everything in his power to fight against his own case, to the extent that the accused were all pardoned on condition they left Ireland forever. One of the accused refused to give such an undertaking and was duly hanged.
	In 1798, Wolfe fought what was perhaps his greatest battle when he tried to save Theobald Wolfe Tone from being hanged for treason. Tone had been captured aboard a French ship and, at a subsequent court-martial, was sentenced to be hanged. Wolfe tried desperately to free Tone, arguing that, because he was not a member of the English forces, he was not subject to court-martial. Three times he attempted to serve a writ of habeas corpus, but each time the authorities refused to act upon it - they were determined that Tone would hang. In the end, Tone took the matter out of their hands by committing suicide.
	Notwithstanding Wolfe's efforts on Tone's behalf, Tone's death raised the anger of the rebels to a frenzy and Wolfe began to worry about assassination. For a period he deserted his home and lived in Dublin under constant armed protection. Eventually, he tired of this life and resumed living in his own house.
	In July 1803, after failing to seize Dublin Castle, Robert Emmet's rebels rioted in the Thomas Street area of Dublin. As the riot grew, a coach containing Wolfe (who had now been created Viscount Kilwarden), his daughter and his nephew, the Rev. Henry Wolfe, turned into Thomas Street. With a wild howl, the mob surged towards it. Kilwarden was dragged from the carriage to the ground where rebels stabbed him repeatedly with a pike. The Rev. Henry Wolfe sought to escape, but he too was piked to death. Fortunately, one man in the mob was able to rescue Wolfe's daughter, who ran to Dublin Castle to raise the alarm. When the soldiers arrived to disperse the rebels, Kilwarden was still alive, but died soon after. He was true to his principles even in death, his dying words being, "Murder must be punished, but let no man suffer for my death but by the laws of his country".
	John Wodehouse, 2nd Earl of Kimberley
	Prior to his succession to the earldom in 1902, the 2nd Earl of Kimberley was known by the courtesy title of Lord Wodehouse. Based on his actions during the general election of 1895, he seems to have been quite a robust political campaigner, and a rabid anti-Conservative.
	During that general election, the candidates for the constituency of the Eastern Division of Norfolk were Robert John Price in the Gladstonian Liberal interest and the famous author, Henry Rider Haggard, in the Conservative interest. The electors of the constituency returned Price with a majority of 198 votes (4606 to 4408), but not before a number of violent incidents had occurred, as is illustrated in the following report, which appeared in the Manchester Times of 2 August 1895:-
	A number of summonses were heard at Smallburgh Police-court, on Tuesday, in the petty sessional division of Tunstead and Happing, Norfolk, arising out of the proceedings at the East Norfolk election. The principal case was one in which Lord Wodehouse, eldest son of the Earl of Kimberley, was charged with assaulting John Gaymer, builder, of North Walsham, on July 17, and William Saul, a drover, was charged with aiding and abetting him. There were also charges against 15 other persons of throwing stones and assaulting the police at Ludham and Stalham, on July 19. There were summonses against two other persons, who had absconded.
	The prosecution against Lord Wodehouse was conducted by Mr. Poyser, and Mr. F. Lowe appeared for the defendant. Mr. Poyser dwelt on the fact that Lord Wodehouse was on the commission of the peace [i.e. he was a Justice of the Peace], and had absolutely forgotten what was due to his position, affording an example which had been followed, to the lasting disgrace of Norfolk. Counsel then proceeded to detail the circumstances of the assault, and said when Mr. Gaymer was standing on a chair at North Walsham, and speaking, Lord Wodehouse ordered him to come down, called him a liar, a hound, and a coward, and then challenged him to fight for £50. Subsequently he pulled him off the chair.
	John Gaymer, the complainant, said he was presiding at a meeting being held in the North Walsham Market-place. While he was standing on a chair, making a speech, Lord Wodehouse, pushing himself up to the front, said, "Come down, you miserable hound; if you don’t I will pull you down;" adding, "I never say a thing I don’t mean". Witness dared him to do it, and continued speaking. Lord Wodehouse then seized him by the coat and pulled him down from the chair. Had it not been that he fell on the shoulders of the man standing near he must have been hurt. On remounting the chair, witness said, "I shall not run away, as Sir William Harcourt did from Derby, and I shall continue my speech". Lord Wodehouse then went murmuring and growling away. After a minute or two he came back, and offered to fight prosecutor for £50. Having finished his address Mr. Gaymer said that if Lord Wodehouse would get on the chair and apologise, nothing more would come of the incident, but if not, there would be a prosecution. Defendant merely replied, "I shall not apologise".
	Several witnesses were called to corroborate Mr. Gaymer's statement. They added that Saul was with Lord Wodehouse, and said, "Now's the time, my lord; go in," whereupon Lord Wodehouse pulled Mr. Gaymer off the chair. Mr. Lowe, in defence, said the assault, if an assault, was only a technical one, and not of an aggravated nature, and ought to be buried in oblivion after the election. If an expression of regret would end the case, he would be glad to offer it.
	A magistrate suggested that the case should be sent to the Quarter Sessions. The magistrates, after consulting half-an-hour, said they had decided to convict. The redeeming feature of the case was the fact that no actual violence was committed, but it might have led to considerable violence. Lord Wodehouse would be fined £3 7s. 6d. and costs (£1 12s. 6d.) and Saul was fined 1 and costs (£1 12s. 6d.). On hearing the decision Saul said, "I will do time". Lord Wodehouse: "No; I will pay for you".
	Not surprisingly, the Pall Mall Gazette reported on 9 September 1895 that Lord Wodehouse had been "removed from the bench, which, as he has so lately shown so marked a preference for the dock, appears a very natural and considerate attention".
	John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley
	Kimberley was very proud of his title as Britain's "most married peer". He commenced his campaign in October 1945 when he married Diana Legh, whose father, Sir Piers Legh, was Master of the Household to King George VI. They were divorced in 1949. Next, he married in February 1949, Carmel June Dunnett (nee Maguire), but they were divorced in 1952. In September 1953, there followed Cynthia Abdy Collins; this marriage lasted until they were divorced in 1961. He married his fourth wife, Margaret Simons in July 1961, the marriage ending in divorce in 1965. He then waited a further five years before marrying again, this time to Gillian Ireland‑Smith, in August 1970. Once again, this marriage ended in divorce in 1982. As his sixth, and last, wife he married Sarah Consett in August 1982.
	He had children by his second, third and fourth wives.
	His wife count enabled to him to stay in front of his close rivals for the title, the 7th Baron Lilford and the 6th Baron Waterpark, both of whom had a mere five wives.
	The Barony of Kingsale and their privilege of leaving on their hats in the presence of the sovereign
	According to tradition, the Barons of Kingsale have the right to remain covered in the presence of the sovereign - i.e. they are allowed to wear their hats when everyone else has to remove theirs. Some sources treat this story as being apocryphal, but it appears that the right was exercised until at least the time of George III. There are a number of versions of the story as to how the family earned this prerogative, and the stories also differ as to when it was first granted, although all of the stories place the event either in the reigns of Henry II or John. The following version of the story appeared in The Royal Cornwall Gazette on 11 December 1890:-
	During the reign of Henry II, tradition says that on some difference breaking out between the courts of England and France, a French champion arrived in London to demand satisfaction. The far-famed prowess of this hero of the lance and plume spread an unusual terror; the English people were panic-stricken, and the alarm of the court was not only increased by this panic, but by the difficulty of providing a knight to accept the challenge. England had no St. George to encounter this Hector of France. The dilemma in which the court found itself having transpired, the challenger lost all respect for the country, and the heart of Henry II was agonised at the insolence of his exultation.
	While France and her champion chuckled at England's embarrassment, one of the nobles of Henry recollected that a knight named De Courcy, who resided in Ireland, was reputed of amazing courage and strength, and of infinite skill both at the lance and sword. He hastened to his royal master with the information; the matter was proposed and discussed in council, and, more from curiosity than from expectation, De Courcy was sent for. Shortly after, without knowing for what he was summoned, he arrived at the palace of Henry II in his native habiliments, without heraldic bearings or retinue, John De Courcy, of Kingsale, a man endowed by nature with a fine athletic person, and a noble and commanding countenance. When he was told what was expected of him, with a modest cautiousness, he requested to see the hero of France, who was accordingly introduced to him bedecked with all the splendour of his court, thus forming a singular contrast to the plainness of his proposed antagonist. The Frenchman conducted himself with an insulting hauteur, the Irishman himself with the greatest indifference. Each took the other's dimensions and the parties adjourned "for further consultation".
	When De Courcy was asked in confidence if he would accept the challenge, he declined giving an answer until he should procure from home a certain sword. The King sent for it forthwith, De Courcy remaining at the palace of Henry, being entertained with all due respect. At length arrived this sword of expectation; it was to all appearance no more than the unornamental, simple sword of a warrior. But the moment this talismanic weapon was presented to its owner, he requested that an immense block of wood should be placed in the tilt yard, and that the champion of France should be summoned forthwith. As before, the knight of Gaul could scarcely forbear rudeness and ridicule; the Hibernian was polite, reserved, and composed. Expectation was now excited to see the mystical preparations of De Courcy unriddled.
	When all was arranged and silent he drew forth his sword from the scabbard, and with one tremendous blow he wedged it into the block like a thunderbolt. "The man," said he - looking significantly on the King - "The man who shall with one hand draw out that sword I will acknowledge as conqueror." Then, turning to the champion of France, politely requested him to hand him his sword. The boaster was confounded - stammered, stepped forward towards the block - and retreated. A laugh broke forth from the spectators. All cried, "Draw forth the sword". Overwhelmed with shame and confusion, the glittering knight not only refused to do so, but declined a single combat with John De Courcy. An universal shout of joy and exultation rent the square. John De Courcy was declared to be champion of England. When the submission of the foreigner was complete, for the gratification of his curiosity he did attempt with one hand to extricate the blade from the block. He might as easily have drawn the poles through the earth, but to the consternation and amazement, and to the delight of Henry and his nobles, De Courcy drew it out with the greatest ease.
	The grateful monarch instantly conferred upon this champion of England he title of Baron of Kingsale, and bid him name the reward that should be appended to his dignity; when this extraordinary man, with romantic disinterestedness, claimed, instead of a pecuniary compensation, to be distinguished above other noblemen. He requested permission that the De Courcys should wear their hats in the King's presence. The privilege was granted and it is enjoyed by the family to this day.
	In proportion as this noble-minded man was proud, generous, Henry was liberal and condescending. His munificence was not to be counteracted by the delicate pride of his subject. On the departure of Lord Kingsale, his Majesty, in private conference, commanded him, when he should arrive at his home, to mount his horse some morning at sunrise and to take possession of so much land as he could ride round before sunset. When the Baron returned, comformably to the King's command, he did mount his horse at sunrise, on a certain day, for the purpose of measuring an estate, but too convivial to be provident, he stopped at the house of a friend, staying to dine, and, instead of thinking of acres and of watching the sand of time, chatted over the bottle till darkness told him that the sun and the fortune of De Courcy had set together.
	Edward King, Viscount Kingsborough (courtesy title of the Earldom of Kingston)
	Edward King was the son of George King, 3rd Earl of Kingston. He was born 16 November 1795 and, after a boyhood spent in Ireland, was educated at Exeter College, where he gained a degree in classics. He immediately entered Parliament as MP for county Cork, serving between 1818 and 1826. He then gave up politics and every sort of pleasure and pastime, including marriage, in order to devote himself to the proposition that the lost tribes of Israel were to be found in Mexico.
	His interest had been aroused in Oxford when he came across a manuscript called the Mendoza Codex. Not long after the Spanish conquest of Mexico, this manuscript had been captured at sea by the French and had found its way to Paris, where it had been purchased by the chaplain to the English embassy. Two hundred years later, it turned up in the Bodleian Library in Oxford, where the sight of it fired Kingsborough with enthusiasm for Mexico and its past. Although he never visited the country, he was inspired to undertake the colossal task which was to last his lifetime. He decided that he would trace other Mexican documents that had found their way to Europe, and to assemble them in a self-published series of volumes.
	Thereafter, his researches turned up material in the royal libraries of Paris, Berlin and Dresden, in the Imperial Library in Vienna, in the Borgia museums and in the Vatican. However, his compilation was always going to be sadly incomplete, since he never went to the country that would have been his richest source - Spain. This, however, was not a problem, since he never intended that his work should be one of scholarship. It could not be, by definition, since he had no knowledge of the languages in which the documents were written, nor did he have any knowledge of the background which the documents described. All he cared about was to demonstrate his passionate belief that a colony of Jews had been settled in America long before the age of Columbus.
	The first of the massive volumes entitled Antiquities of Mexico appeared in 1830, followed by another seven equally massive volumes at yearly intervals, concluding with two volumes published posthumously. The enterprise, which cost Kingsborough £32,000, was not a commercial success. His obsession cost him his fortune, and perhaps his life. After spending all his money on the project, debts began to accrue and he was arrested for debt and thrown into the Sheriff's Prison in Dublin, where he died of typhus. Had he lived another couple of years, he would have succeeded to the Earldom of Kingston, with its income of £40,000 a year.
	Elizabeth Chudleigh, Countess of Bristol and Duchess of Kingston (1720‑26 August 1788)
	The following biography of Elizabeth Chudleigh appeared in the January 1956 issue of the Australian monthly magazine Parade:-
	"There was a maid, A Maid-of-Honour, And strange, 'tis said, Of this strange maid, She was no maid, She had no honour."
	… so runs a ditty chanted by ballad-mongers and street urchins outside Westminster Hall when Elizabeth Chudleigh - "The Incomparable Chudleigh" of the Georgian society she entranced for half a century - was discharged by the Lords after one of the most ludicrous and sensational trials in the annals of English law. What the peers of the realm of His Majesty King George III had been called on to determine in that Spring of 1776 was the burning, scandalous question: Was Elizabeth Chudleigh, one-time Maid of Honour and daily associate of the Princess of Wales, the Duchess of Kingston or the Countess of Bristol - was she, in short, guilty of bigamy?
	The famous Elizabeth Chudleigh's story is of a piece with the coarse, full-blooded Georgian era she lived in. She was born of a distinguished Devonshire family in 1720 during the closing years of the reign of George I. Her father, Colonel Thomas Chudleigh, died when she was six. When Elizabeth was in her 'teens it was obvious she was going to be a beauty, so Mrs. Chudleigh gathered herself together, rented a small house in Bloomsbury which she christened Chudleigh House, and launched the girl upon London society in search of a husband. Naturally witty, supremely lovely, with nerves of steel and tireless energy that found an outlet in riding, hunting and shooting, Elizabeth had no mean appreciation of her own assets. Though still a girl, she soon acquired all the poise and polish - and the malice - of a woman of the fashionable world of her day.
	Among the gay set that gathered in the Chudleighs' little drawing-room was William Pulteney, later to become the Earl of Bath, a friend of Frederick, Prince of Wales. He first called shortly after Elizabeth's 17th birthday. On this occasion Pulteney was received by Mrs. Chudleigh, who sweetly asked him to favour her by "saying a kind word" to her daughter, who was anxious for his good opinion. As the highly-gratified Pulteney was promising to do his best, a rustle of silks proclaimed the presence of the girl in the doorway. Pulteney's mouth fell open in astonishment. When this tall goddess with the clear blue eyes curtsied - so low and with such grace - his eyes gazed entranced upon the tiny dark curls tendrilling upon her smooth white neck. Pulteney was Elizabeth's first conquest, and through his influence she was appointed Maid of Honour to Augusta, Princess of Wales - an honour which, it is said, made her mother swoon with joy.
	The girl's course seemed set fair for a triumphant voyage across the social sea, until, at the age of 23, she made her first mistake by falling genuinely in love. The young man was James Douglas, sixth Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, then just 20 and seeing the sights of London before departing on the Grand Tour to complete his education. He and Elizabeth became secretly engaged before he left England when Elizabeth went to stay with her aunt, a Mrs. Hanmer.
	Among the other house-guests there was the Honourable Augustus John Hervey, 20-years-old junior naval lieutenant and second son of the Earl of Bristol. He was one of the lean, spitefully witty family of whom his aunt, the famous Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, had commented: "The world is divided into men, women and Herveys". It became obvious the Augustus Hervey was Mrs. Hanmer's choice of husbands for "the incomparable Chudleigh". But that damsel remained true to her duke and treated Augustus to the heartless tantrums of a woman in love with someone else. As time went by and she received no word from her true love, Elizabeth became first anxious, then sad, then angry. Unknown to her, her aunt had intercepted the letters the Duke of Hamilton had faithfully written and - for reasons best known to herself - destroyed them. In a fit of pique, fostered by the belief that the absent young duke had slighted her, Elizabeth began to smile on the dazzled Augustus and to accompany him on walks in the orchard. Emboldened, he asked her to marry him; she accepted and became his wife on August 4, 1744, in a secret midnight ceremony at Hampshire parish church.
	Long before the honeymoon ended the young couple had quarrelled. Elizabeth decided she valued her position as Maid of Honour far more than she did her husband and she left him, their marriage still kept a secret from the world. Then the Duke of Hamilton returned, eager to see his beloved and demanding explanations as to why she had not answered his letters. He was bewildered at Elizabeth's attitude, for that young lady was between anguish and despair and had literally thrashed her aunt for spoiling her life.
	The situation resolved itself by the unhappy Hervey being posted to the West Indies, by Elizabeth returning - apparently still maiden - to her Court duties, and by the Duke taking himself angry and mystified. Elizabeth still kept her marriage a secret. Hervey had little more than his naval pay and if Elizabeth disclosed her matronly status she stood to lose her Maid of Honour pension, her position, and her estates, the control of which would pass to her husband.
	When Hervey returned to England in 1746 he secretly lived with her, but after six or seven months of marriage they parted finally and in anger. Elizabeth gave birth to a son in the following year but the baby died. The old Earl of Bristol took ill soon after and was thought to be dying. In this eventuality Hervey had excellent prospects of becoming a belted earl, in which case Elizabeth would acquire the right to wear a countess's coronet. She was accordingly on the point of announcing her marriage when old Bristol recovered.
	At this disappointment Elizabeth's patience with the Bristols gave out. And what was more to the point, she met just then - and conquered - Evelyn Pierrepont, second Duke of Kingston, and the prospect he held out to her seemed infinitely more attractive. As waspish Horace Walpole put it, she "lived very publicly" for nearly 25 years with the Duke, who was nine years her senior and whose bounty enabled her to give very sumptuous entertainments; at one there were "pyramids and temples of strawberries and cherries: you would have thought she was kept by Vertumnus" (Roman pagan god of the seasons with special interest in trade and barter).
	All went well with Elizabeth during the remaining years of George II's reign and for several years of George III's. She furnished the Court with all manner of means of gossip, including many tales concerning the "violent passion" that the Prince of Wales was said to have had for her, and the great interest taken in her by George II himself, who hated his son but had a "hankering" after the lovely object of his son's affections. Miserly George II when nearly 70 bestowed on her a watch which cost him 35 guineas out of his own purse, and he appointed her mother housekeeper at Windsor. This was a most lucrative office and when the old King announced the appointment in the drawing room at the Palace he expressed the hope that Elizabeth "would not think a kiss too great a reward for his obeying her commands".
	Few women were able to so boldly face the world with such daring costumes as did Elizabeth. At one subscription masquerade attended by Royalties she was dressed as "Iphigenia but so naked you would have taken her for Andromeda," a chronicler of the event records. "The high priest might easily inspect the entrails of the victim," said another contemporary writer of the occasion: "the Maids of Honour (not of maids the strictest) were so offended that they would not speak to her".
	As the years passed, the Duke of Hamilton, Elizabeth's first love, married the beautiful Miss Elizabeth Gunning and her absent husband Hervey distinguished himself at sea under Admiral Byng. Elizabeth continued of her merry, maidenly way, becoming involved in more scandals, and added to the gossip by making public parade of her grief at her Duke's occasional infidelities, though she had no legal right, title or interest in him. In 1767 she was 47 but still "keeping off age by sticking roses and sweet peas in her hair".
	Two years later, however, Augustus Hervey returned to her life. For some years he had been Lord of the Admiralty. In 1769 he fell in love with a physician's daughter at Bath and so he contacted Elizabeth to suggest that he institute proceedings against her for divorce. This did not suit Elizabeth's book, and in her coarse and caustic way she told him so. She discovered it was possible for her to institute suit herself for jactitation of the marriage - an ancient proceeding under which she might launch complaint that Hervey had boasted he was married to her and call on him to produce proofs of the marriage; if these were not forthcoming he would be obliged to drop his claim - lapse into "perpetual silence" - and then Elizabeth would be pronounced a spinster.
	She had already used her influence to have the parish marriage records doctored and after the execution of some legal legerdemain the Ecclesiastical Courts pronounced her a "spinster free from all matrimonial contracts and espousals." A month later, on March 8, 1769, Elizabeth ("this fair, injured innocent who is but 50," derided Walpole) was married to her Duke of Kingston in white satin trimmed with Brussels lace and pearls. After the ceremony at St. George's Hanover Square she was installed, as the Duchess of Kingston, at her faithful lover's mansion in Knightsbridge.
	For nearly five years Elizabeth enjoyed her eminence as a duchess, she and her now doddering duke spending much of their time abroad. Then in 1773 she found herself a widow. She proceeded to London from Bath in a slow and solemn cavalcade, swathed in a "thousand yards" of black crepe veiling and dramatising her grief for the benefit of the public. However, on arrival, she learned that the Duke's son-in-law, Evelyn Meadows, had decided to contest the validity of the Duke's will. Meadows and his wife and children had been totally disregarded in his will - which Elizabeth had helped her late husband to make, and which left her for life his entire real and personal estate worth £17,000 a year. Gossip had it that the Duke had alluded to her in his will as "my dearest wife, Elizabeth, Duchess of Kingston, alias Elizabeth Chudleigh, alias Elizabeth Hervey". When the case came on the satirical Horace Walpole queried: "Did you ever hear of a Duchess described in a will as a street-walker being indicted at the Old Bailey?"
	Elizabeth entered a defence to the suit, then went serenely travelling on the Continent. In Rome news came like a bolt from the blue that she had been indicted for bigamy. Meadows, it appeared, had tracked down Lady Hanmer's former maid who had stood guard at the church on that fateful wedding day nearly 30 years before, and bought the whole story from her. Elizabeth was apparently born under a lucky star, for by the time she reached England old Lord Bristol had died at last and Hervey had inherited the title, so that if she were declared in court not to be the Duchess of Kingston she was assured of the title of Countess of Bristol, and vice versa. The fact that she would thus be a member of the peerage in any case saved her from being tried as a commoner and permitted her to claim judgment of the case by the House of Lords.
	She pleaded "not guilty" when the trial opened at Westminster Hall on April 15, 1776, before the King (George III), the Queen and assembled lords. At the end of four days she knew she stood convicted despite the brilliant speech she had made discrediting Meadows and tearing his character to shreds. The peer who pronounced the verdict was the junior baron, Lord Sundridge, who was also the great Duke of Argyll in Scotland. By a quirk of fate he had married the widow of Elizabeth's first love, the Duke of Hamilton. Upon being brought before the bar for sentence (the penalty for bigamy then being to be branded on the hand), Elizabeth handed a slip of paper to the Clerk of the Crown. On it was written: "I plead the privilege of the peerage". The Lords allowed the plea, and satisfied themselves by reducing her to the rank of Countess of Bristol and allowing her to quietly withdraw from the public eye.
	Elizabeth left England immediately. She was wealthy, for the Duke's will was confirmed by the courts, but she managed to get through every penny of her £17,000 a year in the capitals of Europe. In the spring of 1788 Elizabeth settled in Paris. She was nearly 70 but still beautiful. On August 26, however, when summer was giving way to autumn, she was dozing in an armchair alone in front of the fire after dinner when the curious career of "the Incomparable Chudleigh" came suddenly to an end.
	Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston and his son Robert Edward King, later Viscount Lorton
	From The Times of 18 December 1797:-
	The conduct of Col. Fitzgerald in seducing his relative, and the consequent duel with her brother, are fresh in the memory of the Public; we shall therefore limit our observations to the circumstances which immediately preceded and occasioned his death.
	The deceased feeling no remorse for the dishonour in which he had involved an illustrious family, had the hardihood to follow the young Lady to Ireland, it is supposed with a view to wrest her by violence from her parents, and took lodgings at an inn in Kilworth. He had been there some days before his arrival at Kilworth was known, or the object of his expedition was discovered. He was observed to walk out in the night, and conceal himself in the day, and the servants at length noticed him lurking about Mitchelstown-house, at unseasonable hours.
	The intelligence having reached Lord Kingsborough [courtesy title of the Earls of Kingston - although the use of this title in The Times report does not appear to be correct], who had had the duel with the Colonel, and resolved to defeat his antagonist's project, he left his father's house, and repaired to Kilworth, where having enquired for the Colonel, he was directed to the apartment in which he was lodged. Lord Kingsborough rapped at the door, requiring admittance; the other, knowing his voice, replied that he was locked in, and could not open the door, but if he had anything to say to him, he would receive it in writing under the door.
	This enraged the young Nobleman, and he forced open the door, and running to a case of pistols in the room, desired the Colonel to take one and defend himself, for he was resolved to have satisfaction for the scheme the deceased had formed against his sister, and which he came to this place to put in execution. On both seizing the pistols, they grappled with each other, and were struggling, when the Earl of Kingston, who had been apprised of his son's departure in pursuit of the Colonel, and quickly followed the young Lord, entered the room, and finding them in the contest, and that his son must lose his life from the situation the deceased had him in, the Earl fired and the Colonel fell.
	The Earl was later tried by his peers for the murder of Colonel Henry Fitzgerald, but no prosecution witnesses took the stand. In addition, it was clear that the Earl had the public's support and he was found not guilty on 18 May 1798. The son [the young Nobleman referred to in The Times report], was also tried [at the Cork Assizes, since he was a commoner at the time] and he too was found not guilty. The son was later created Baron Erris of Boyle on 29 December 1800 and Viscount Lorton on 28 May 1806, both in the peerage of Ireland.
	**********************
	A more detailed account of the affair appeared in the Australian monthly magazine Parade in its issue for December 1955:-
	Though Ireland was aflame with civil war, Dublin society gaily put aside its troubles in May, 1798, to enjoy to the full an astounding story of seduction and murder. Robert, Earl of Kingston, head of one of the proudest families, was on trial for his life for slaying the man who betrayed his daughter. Claiming his right to be tried by his peers, Lord Kingston had demanded to be arraigned before the Irish House of Lords. The trial, the last to be heard by the Irish Lords and staged in a blaze of mediaeval pomp, climaxed the greatest scandal of the century.
	For a year the affairs of the Earl of Kingston had provided sensational tit-bits for gossips and scandal sheets of England and Ireland. The Earl's trial was the cause celebre of his generation. Public opinion was overwhelmingly on his side. The House of Lords acquitted him after scarcely a pretence of a hearing. He died a year later from the shock of the scandal.
	Robert King, second Earl of Kingston, was born in 1754. Until his father died late in 1797, he was known as Viscount Kingsborough. In 1769, he increased his already vast family estates in County Cork by marrying the heiress of Richard Fitzgerald, of Mount Offaly, County Kildare. The Kingsboroughs had six sons and five daughters of their own. In an evil moment, the Viscount agreed to rear also young Henry Gerard Fitzgerald, an illegitimate son of Lady Kingsborough's brother, who no doubt thought that but for the stain on his name much of the vast estates would have been his.
	In 1797, Henry Fitzgerald was a colonel in the British Army, a handsome, dissolute ne'er-do-well, married but openly unfaithful. He was an inveterate gambler, continually rescued from the threat of a debtor's prison by his adopted father, Lord Kingsborough. Among the Kingsborough daughters Lady Mary Elizabeth King, 19-years-old, romantically-minded and fascinated by her dashing army cousin. Fitzgerald, with an eye on part of the family estates, paid court to her. Despite the stain on his birth and the fact that he was already married, Mary fell passionately in love with him. Viscount Kingsborough at first suspected nothing. Colonel Fitzgerald, gorgeous in his braided Hussar uniform, continued to be a welcome guest at the family's London home near Richmond.
	In June, 1797, Lady Mary disappeared, leaving a note that she intended to throw herself into the Thames. Her bonnet and shawl, found on the muddy tow-path by the river, suggested she had carried out her threat. Lord Kingsborough, however, was suspicious. He thought it curious that the gallant colonel had also disappeared. His doubts were strengthened when a postboy reported he had seen a young woman resembling Lady Mary King with a military gentleman in a carriage bound for London.
	Kingsborough hurried to London, Through the newspapers, he offered a large reward for information about his missing daughter. The offer quickly bore fruit. A servant from a Kennington lodging house called to say she believed Lady Mary was staying under an assumed name at the house, where she was visited frequently by an army officer. In the midst of this recital, Fitzgerald coolly walked into Kingsborough's house to inquire solicitously about the missing girl. He was immediately recognised by the lodging-house servant, and fled without attempting to justify himself.
	Kingsborough, seething with rage, dashed in his carriage to Kennington to recover his daughter. Despite her tearful protests, she was dragged from the house and packed off hastily to Mitchelstown, the palatial Kingston family mansion in County Cork. The scandal of the fake suicide and elopement was soon buzzing round the clubs, salons and coffee houses of London. Colonel Fitzgerald, dunned by creditors and furious at being baulked of his prey, outraged his fellow-officers by drunken threats and bragging. He talked wildly of plots to rescue Mary from her "prison" in Ireland, and swore vengeance on her "tyrannical" father, Lord Kingsborough.
	In September, 1797, Lady Mary's brother, Captain Robert King, decided that family pride could stand no more. By his friend, Robert Wood, he sent a challenge to Fitzgerald demanding a duel with pistols near the magazine in Hyde Park, at dawn on October 1. When Robert King and Wood arrived at the park, they found Fitzgerald waiting, without a second. The colonel explained angrily that he had been unable to find a friend to accompany him "because of the odium cast on his name". Wood insisted that no duel could take place unless each party had a second. Robert and Fitzgerald wrangled bitterly until the surgeon, Dr. Browne, reluctantly agreed to act for Fitzgerald.
	By now, the duellists were so excited that, though they stood only 10 paces apart, they each blazed away six shots without hitting the other. Fitzgerald flung his pistol angrily to the ground, declaring he had no more powder and shot. Robert offered to lend him some, but Wood forbade this as a grave breach of duelling etiquette. The opponents agreed to meet again at the same time and place the following morning. Meanwhile, news of the "duel" had reached high quarters. There were reports that the Prince of Wales himself was scandalised. Both Robert and Fitzgerald were warned that they would be arrested the moment they set foot in Hyde Park next morning. They abandoned the duel temporarily.
	With amazing effrontery, Fitzgerald then planned to swoop on Ireland and abduct his disconsolate mistress from her prison in County Cork. He had made a confidant of Lady Mary's personal maid in London. He wrote to her offering bribes if she would smuggle letters between Mary and himself. Before long, one of Fitzgerald's letters was intercepted. The maid was dismissed in disgrace. She returned to London, where she told Fitzgerald that Lady Mary was eagerly awaiting her "deliverer". The love-sick girl would fly to his arms as soon as he arrived in the neighbourhood of Mitchelstown.
	Fitzgerald, however, was completely penniless and hardly dared to stir from his lodging for fear of his creditors. Finally, on the pretence of "making a tour of Dorsetshire", he wheedled 10 guineas from his neglected wife - sufficient to pay for the journey to Ireland. Travelling in mufti under an assumed name, Fitzgerald landed in Dublin early in December, 1797. A week later he was lodged in the village inn at Mitchelstown, reconnoitring the outskirts of the great house and trying to bribe the servants to take messages to Lady Mary.
	His midnight prowling aroused the suspicions of the innkeeper, who informed Lord Kingsborough, just elevated to the title of Earl of Kingston by the death of his father. The Earl and his son, Robert, convinced that the mysterious stranger was the persistent Fitzgerald, galloped to the inn to investigate. They found Fitzgerald had already left for Kilworth, 10 miles away. Determined that the seducer should not escape again, Robert King set off in hot pursuit, leaving the Earl to follow in his carriage. Just before midnight on December 11, Robert tethered his foam-flecked horse in the inn courtyard at Kilworth.
	The landlord confirmed that a horseman had arrived from Mitchelstown earlier in the evening, but had gone to bed with instructions that he was not to be disturbed. Brushing the innkeeper aside, Robert ran up the stairs and pounded on Fitzgerald's door, shouting he had come to avenge his sister's honour. Fitzgerald refused to open the door. Contemptuously he told Robert to write what he had to say on a sheet of paper and push it under the door. Infuriated by this, Robert burst the lock with his shoulder, to find Fitzgerald staggering from his bed towards a case of pistols on the dressing-table. Robert seized one of the pistols and challenged Fitzgerald to fight a duel to the death there and then in the bedroom. The more powerful Colonel flung himself on Robert and tried to wrench the weapon from his grasp.
	While the innkeeper and his wife crouched trembling on the stairs, listening to the trampling and crash of splintered furniture, the Earl of Kingston's carriage drew up in the courtyard. He flung open the bedroom door to find his son and Fitzgerald still locked in a desperate grapple. Snatching the remaining pistol from the case on the dressing-table, the Earl shot Fitzgerald through the head at point-blank range.
	Next day the landowning gentry of County Cork were stunned to hear that the Earl of Kingston and his son had both been arrested on charges of murder. Kingston made no attempt to deny the shooting. "The villain deserved to die," he said defiantly, "but I wish it had been by some other hand than mine!"
	Robert King was tried at Cork Assizes on April 11, 1798, and acquitted after a hearing that lasted less than an hour. He left the court amid wild cheering from a sympathetic mob. The Earl exercised the ancient right of a nobleman to be tried by his peers. The trial took place before the Irish House of Lords in Dublin on May 18, 1798. As the Lords' Chamber in the Dublin Parliament House was too small, the peers gathered in the Commons Chamber to hear the Earl of Kingston stand trial for his life.
	Resplendent in their crimson and ermine robes, they sat on benches beneath the domed roof, while hundreds of spectators packed the colonnaded galleries surrounding the room. The Earl himself, dressed in black, was flanked by a herald bearing his ancestral coat of arms and the Deputy Constable of Dublin Castle bearing a glittering axe with the edge turned away from the prisoner. The result of the trial was almost foregone. No witnesses appeared for the Crown after the Sergeant-at-Arms had summoned them three times. Asked to give their verdict, the peers rose one after another in their seats and, with hands on hearts, answered: "Not guilty, upon mine honour".
	After the last peer had spoken, the Lord High Steward solemnly broke his white wand, signifying that the proceedings had ended. The Earl was ushered to a waiting carriage through a cheering crowd. The Earl never recovered from the shock of the scandal. He shunned all society and retired to his mansion of Mitchelstown, which he began rebuilding on an even more grandiose scale. It was still unfinished when he died on April 17, 1799.
	Robert Henry King, 4th Earl of Kingston
	King was one of the members of the House of Commons for county Cork between 1826 and 1832. After he succeeded his father as 4th Earl in 1839, his life began a downward spiral. His estates were forfeited and sold to pay his debts, and he made frequent appearances in the Courts on charges of assault and drunkenness. In 1860, he was committed to an asylum following events that took place in Chester, as reported in The Times of 12 September 1860:-
	The Earl of Kingston was brought up at the Police Court, Chester, on Monday, under the following circumstances. On Sunday morning he went to the Holyhead Railway, and persisted in walking through the tunnel. The policeman there would not allow him, and took him to the police-office. After being kept there for a few hours he was released, and in the afternoon went to the Cathedral. Here he would not take his hat off, and main force was obliged to be resorted to get him out. He was then given into the custody of a policeman and taken to the Royal Hotel, where he remained all night. The first thing on Monday morning he got out in the streets naked, and was again made captive. About 12 o'clock he went to the Bishop of Chester's palace, and so annoyed his Lordship that he requested the police to take charge of him. Upon coming into court the Earl went right up to the bench and seated himself with his hat on. He commenced a long rambling statement, and said that the Bishop of Chester had insulted the House of Lords through him. He would bring his lordship to justice at the bar of the House in the next session, and deprive him of his living. He intended to write to his friends, Messrs Bright and Cobden, to bring the matter before the House of Commons. Bishops had no right to be seated in the House of Lords, and he would see that it should be altered. He was going to write to his lawyer, Lord Chelmsford, to enter an action against the Holyhead Railway Company for £100,000 for insulting him. He then went on to say that his brother wanted to be married, and he had perpetrated a fraud upon him in taking possession of his estates, worth about £50,000 a year, and settled upon him a miserable pittance. It was enough, he said, to make any man insane. Two medical gentlemen of the city having certified that he was of unsound mind, the magistrates signed an order for his removal to the County Asylum.
	In April 1861, a Commission of Lunacy found that the Earl was of unsound mind, and not competent to manage his own affairs.
	The special remainder to the Barony of Kinnaird created in 1860
	From the London Gazette of 24 August 1860 (issue 22416, page 3121):-
	The Queen has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal, granting the dignity of a Baron of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, unto The Right Honourable George William Fox Baron Kinnaird, K.T., and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Baron Kinnaird, of Rossie, in the county of Perth, with remainder, in default of such heirs male, to his brother, The Honourable Arthur FitzGerald Kinnaird, and the heirs male of his body, lawfully begotten.
	George Robert Hay‑Drummond, styled Viscount Dupplin, eldest son of the 12th Earl of Kinnoull (27 May 1849‑10 Mar 1886)
	While there is no doubt that Dupplin died in March 1886, newspapers on either side of the Atlantic differed as to the cause of death. A typical British newspaper report was that published in the Dundee Courier & Argus on 17 March 1886:-
	When the news rapidly circulated on Wednesday morning amongst the visitors at Monte Carlo that Lord Dupplin had died there at half-past eleven the night before it took everybody by surprise, as few were even aware of his arrival there on the previous Saturday. He was suffering at the time from a supposed bilious attack, but was suddenly seized with far more alarming symptoms during a walk at Monaco, which Dr. Pickering, on being called in, instantly pronounced to be perforation of the stomach. All the skill and constant attention throughout the night and day of that eminent physician proved unavailing however, to save his Lordship's life, and he died on Tuesday night after acute suffering, aged thirty-nine [sic - he was 36]. Lord Dupplin was attended towards the close of his fatal illness by the Countess of Kinnoull and Lady Muriel Hay, his mother and sister, who were accompanied by their relative, Sir George Arthur, on their sad journey to Dupplin Castle, where his Lordship will be buried in the family mausoleum. Lord Dupplin leaves a young motherless daughter, but no son, and is succeeded as heir to the Kinnoull title and estates by a younger brother. Although a member of the Jockey Club at the time of his death, Lord Dupplin's connection with the English turf terminated soon after he won the Two Thousand Guineas and the St. Leger in 1876 with Petrarch, whom he purchased, in conjunction with Colonel Oliphant, from Mr. Gosden, the horse breeder, at what was considered a "romantic" price at the time.
	The American papers, however, disagreed with the cause of Dupplin's death, reporting it as a suicide. For example, the following [edited] report appeared in the Chicago Daily Tribune on 12 March 1886:-
	Viscount Dupplin - One of the Prince of Wales' old set has just committed suicide at Monte Carlo. Viscount Dupplin, whose death is announced at Monte Carlo, was one of the best-known men "of his kind" in Europe. He is [illegible] of the men who were in the Prince of Wales' old set, of which the late Earl of Aylesford was a shining light, but, unlike Aylesford, Dupplin never drank. He was the hero of more sensational gambling episodes than perhaps any man of his years, and his cool, calm exterior under the heaviest "facer" and when he had lost thousands was proverbial.
	The chief sufferers by Lord Dupplin's death will be the money-lenders, his Lordship being heavily in their books with "post obits", the father being an old man, and the deceased Lord comparatively young and always in excellent health. He never drank, and in everything but gambling led a remarkably steady life. Like every one else, he had his sins of omission and commission, but he was kind-hearted, and always did a friend, and oftentimes an enemy, a good turn, and the world would have spared many a worse man. The cable says he committed suicide owing to losses at gambling.
	The special remainders to the Viscountcy of Kitchener of Khartoum created in 1902 and the Barony of Denton, Viscountcy of Broome and Earldom of Kitchener of Khartoum created in 1914
	From the London Gazette of 29 July 1902 (issue 27459, page 4834):-
	The King has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, granting the dignity of a Viscount of the said United Kingdom unto Horatio Herbert, Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Member of the Order of Merit, General in the Army, lately Commander-in-Chief of His Majesty's Forces in South Africa, by the name, style, and title of Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum, and of the Vaal in the Colony of the Transvaal, and of Aspall in the county of Suffolk, with remainder to the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten, and in default of such issue with remainder to the first daughter of the said Horatio Herbert, Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Viscountess Kitchener of Khartoum, and of the Vaal in the Colony of the Transvaal, and of Aspall in the county of Suffolk, and after her decease with remainder to the heirs male of her body, lawfully begotten, by the name, style, and title of Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum, and of Vaal in the Colony of Transvaal, and of Aspall in the county of Suffolk, and in default of such issue with remainder to second, third, fourth, and every other daughter of the said Horatio Herbert, Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, lawfully begotten, and the heirs male of the body and respective bodies of such daughters severally, and successively one after another as they shall be in seniority of age and priority of birth, and in default of such issue with remainder to Henry Elliott Chevallier Kitchener, Esquire, Colonel in the Army, brother of the said Horatio Herbert, Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, with remainder to the heirs male of his body, lawfully begotten, and in default of such issue with remainder to Frederick Walter Kitchener, Esquire, Major-General in the Army, another brother of the aforesaid Horatio Herbert, Lord Kitchener of Khartoum, with remainder to the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten.
	From the London Gazette of 28 July 1914 (issue 28852, pages 5865 and 5866):-
	The King has been pleased to direct Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date the 27th instant, to grant the dignities of Baron, Viscount and Earl of the said United Kingdom unto Field Marshal Horatio Herbert, Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum and of the Vaal in the Colony of the Transvaal and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk, Baron Kitchener of Khartoum and of Aspall in the County of Suffolk, K.P., G.C.B., O.M., G.C.S.I., G.C.M.G., G.C.I.E., His Majesty's Agent and Consul-General in Egypt and Minister Plenipotentiary in His Majesty's Diplomatic Service, by the names, styles and titles of Baron Denton, of Denton, in the County of Kent, Viscount Broome, of Broome, in the said County of Kent, and Earl Kitchener of Khartoum and of Broome aforesaid, to hold to him and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten and to be begotten, with remainder in default of such issue to his first, second, third, fourth and every other daughter lawfully begotten, and to the heirs male of the body and respective bodies of such daughters severally and successively one after another as they shall be in seniority of age and priority of birth, and in default of such issue and after the death of every such daughter to Henry Elliott Chevallier Kitchener, Esquire, Colonel on the retired list of the Army, a brother of the said Horatio Herbert, Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum, and the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten and to be begotten, and in default of such issue and after the decease of the said Henry Elliott Chevallier Kitchener to the heirs male of the body lawfully begotten of Sir Frederick Walter Kitchener, K.C.B., late Lieutenant-General in the Army, deceased, another brother of the said Horatio Herbert, Viscount Kitchener of Khartoum.
	Owen Crosby Philipps, Baron Kylsant
	Kylsant was born Owen Cosby Philipps, the 3rd son of Sir James Philipps, 12th baronet. His older brother John was created Viscount St. Davids in 1918. At the age of 25, Philipps founded his first shipping concern, the King Line, based on the Clyde River in Scotland. Thereafter, he began to forge a large network of shipping companies. In 1902, he was invited to take control of the long-established but languishing Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, which operated a large merchant fleet trading along the Atlantic coast of South America. Philipps breathed new life into the company and soon turned its losses into profits.
	Philipps then saw the chance for expansion into the trade on the other side of South America and for £1,500,000 snapped up the Pacific Steam Navigation Company. Other companies soon fell into his net. He bought up competitors, including Lamport and Holt and Nelson Co., which had a virtual monopoly of the frozen meat trade with Argentina, and welded them into his ever-growing shipping empire. Philipps had a mania for expansion, which was not always profitable. Not satisfied with control of most of the rich South American trade, he began snapping up shipping lines trading with South and West Africa and the Far East. By buying Moss and Hutchinson Limited, Philipps also achieved a large interest in the Continental and the Mediterranean trades.
	As early as 1911 he was pestering the British Admiralty for permission to arm his ships. In 1912, the government gave way and provided two guns for each ship of his merchant fleet. Soon after, he was a passenger on one of his own ships when a naval captain who was also on board ridiculed the armaments. When the naval captain questioned the ability of the sailors to use the guns, he was amazed when the ship's crew leapt to their posts with the speed of highly-trained gunners and let fly accurately with real shells. Philipps had not been content with merely mounting the guns - he had also taken on his staff a large number of retired naval officers to turn merchant seamen into skilled gunners.
	After the war, Philipps was created Baron Kylsant in 1923 and had continued to forge ahead with further expansion. In 1924 he gained control of Harland and Wolff, the Belfast shipbuilders. In 1927, he paid £7,000,000 for the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company, which operated the famous White Star Line. He also purchased a controlling interest in Shaw Savill and Albion, and purchased the fleet of the Commonwealth Line from the Australian government.
	Kylsant was now at the peak of his career. His ships plied all over the world, with a total tonnage of 2,800,000 tons. He owned a 6000-acre estate in south Wales and each of his three daughters married into the peerage.
	Underneath, however, all was not well with Kylsant's great shipping empire. He controlled around 40 famous and highly regarded companies, but many were hard-hit by the post-war shipping slump of the 1920s. Rather than admit his business fallibility, Kylsant attempted to conceal the losses in the accounts of his parent company, the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company until, in 1929, the Company had to ask for an extension of time to repay certain loans made to it by the Government.
	The British Treasury called in an independent accountant, Sir William McClintock, to examine and report upon the company's financial position. McClintock's report revealed that the Royal Mail Steam Packet Co. had shown enormous losses over a number of years, yet it had continued to pay out millions in dividends. The losses had been concealed in the accounts by drawing on reserves accumulated during earlier prosperous years. There was nothing wrong with drawing on such reserves - that is their purpose and to do so is a perfectly normal practice. Kylsant, however, had erred by calmly announcing a straight-out profit, with no mention of transfers from reserves. Thus, for example, in 1926, the company's accounts and report to shareholders showed a supposed trading profit of £439,000. In reality, the company had lost £300,000 but had turned it into a profit by transferring £750,000 from reserves.
	Following Sir William McClintock's report, questions were asked in the House of Commons, which led to an investigation by the Attorney General. As a result, criminal proceedings were begun against the company's chairman, Lord Kylsant, and its auditor, Harold John Morland. On 20 July 1931 their trial began in the Old Bailey. Both Kylsant and Morland were charged with falsifying balance sheets and Kylsant was further charged with making false statements in a prospectus which had raised £2,000,000 from the public.
	The case against Morland was very weak. It was shown that he had no financial motive and that, when presented with the draft accounts, he had noted on the balance sheet that the profits included "adjustment of taxation reserves". It was successfully argued that such words were commonly used and understood in the accounting profession and were sufficient notice to the public that the company had not made the stated profit wholly as a result of trading.
	A stronger financial motive was attributed to Lord Kylsant. He received special commission on the profits of the company that varied with the rate of dividend declared. Thus in 1926, when the company's dividend was 4%, he received £3,000. The next year, the dividend was raised to 5% (on the strength of the 'profit' shown in the accounts). Kylsant's commission jumped to £27,000.
	After nine days, Kylsant and Morland were acquitted on the balance sheet charges, but Kylsant was found guilty on the charge of making a false statement in the prospectus and sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment. Although an appeal against the sentence was immediately launched, Kylsant's conviction was upheld. After serving his sentence, Kylsant retired to his Welsh estates. When he died in 1937, the obituaries were generally kind and mostly agreed that he had acted without criminal intent.

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