PEERAGES
Last updated 28/10/2018 (19 Jan 2024)
Date	Rank	Order	Name	Born	Died	Age
ANNESLEY
20 Sep 1758	B[I]	1	William Annesley Created Baron Annesley 20 Sep 1758 and Viscount Glerawly 14 Nov 1766 MP [I] for Midleton 1741‑1759	c 1710	12 Sep 1770
12 Sep 1770 17 Aug 1789	E[I]	2 1	Francis Charles Annesley, 2nd Viscount Glerawly Created Earl Annesley 17 Aug 1789 For details of the special remainder included in this creation, see the note at the foot of this page MP [I] for Downpatrick 1761‑1771	27 Nov 1740	19 Dec 1802	62
19 Dec 1802		2	Richard Annesley MP [I] for Coleraine 1776‑1783, St. Canice 1783‑1790, Newtown(ards) 1790‑1798, Blessington 1798‑1800 and Midleton 1800; PC [I] 1798	14 Apr 1745	9 Nov 1824	79
9 Nov 1824		3	William Richard Annesley MP for Downpatrick 1815‑1820	16 Jul 1772	25 Aug 1838	66
25 Aug 1838		4	William Richard Annesley MP for Great Grimsby 1852‑1857	21 Feb 1830	10 Aug 1874	44
10 Aug 1874		5	Hugh Annesley MP for Cavan 1857‑1874	26 Jan 1831	15 Dec 1908	77
15 Dec 1908		6	Francis Annesley For information on the death of this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	25 Feb 1884	5 Nov 1914	30
5 Nov 1914		7	Walter Beresford Annesley	10 Feb 1861	7 Jul 1934	73
7 Jul 1934		8	Beresford Cecil Bingham Annesley	4 Apr 1894	29 Jun 1957	63
29 Jun 1957		9	Robert Annesley	20 Feb 1900	21 Feb 1979	79
21 Feb 1979		10	Patrick Annesley	12 Aug 1924	2 Feb 2001	76
2 Feb 2001		11	Philip Harrison Annesley	29 Mar 1927	18 Mar 2011	83
18 Mar 2011		12	Michael Robert Annesley	4 Dec 1933
ANNESLEY OF BLETCHINGTON
7 May 1917	B	1	Arthur Annesley, 11th Viscount Valentia Created Baron Annesley 7 May 1917 This peerage was gazetted as Baron Annesley, of Bletchington, in the County of Oxford. This is somewhat unusual, given the existence of the Earldom of Annesley	23 Aug 1843	20 Jan 1927	83
20 Jan 1927 to     6 Oct 1949		2	Caryl Arthur James Annesley, 12th Viscount Valentia Barony extinct on his death	3 Jul 1883	6 Oct 1949	66
ANSLOW
28 Jun 1916 to     20 Aug 1933	B	1	Tonman Mosley Created Baron Anslow 28 Jun 1916 Peerage extinct on his death	16 Jan 1850	20 Aug 1933	83
ANSON
13 Jun 1747 to     6 Jun 1762	B	1	George Anson Created Baron Anson 13 Jun 1747 MP for Hedon 1744‑1747; First Lord of the Admiralty 1751; PC 1750 Peerage extinct on his death	22 Apr 1697	6 Jun 1762	65
17 Feb 1806	V	1	Thomas Anson Created Baron Soberton and Viscount Anson 17 Feb 1806 MP for Lichfield 1789‑1806	14 Feb 1767	31 Jul 1818	51
31 Jul 1818		2	Thomas Anson He was created Earl of Lichfield 15 Sep 1831 into which this title then merged	20 Oct 1795	18 Mar 1854	58
ANTRIM
12 Dec 1620	E[I]	1	Randal Macdonnell Created Viscount Dunluce 28 May 1618 and Earl of Antrim 12 Dec 1620		10 Dec 1636
10 Dec 1636 26 Jan 1645 to     3 Feb 1682	M[I]	2 1	Randal Macdonnell Created Marquess of Antrim 26 Jan 1645 On his death, the Marquessate became extinct	1609	3 Feb 1682	72
3 Feb 1682		3	Alexander Macdonnell MP for Wigan 1660‑1685 [This is not borne out by other pages on this website - there is no record of an Alexander Macdonnell being MP for anywhere from 1660]; Lord Lieutenant of Antrim Attainted by Cromwell, but reversed 1660. Again attainted 1689, but again reversed 1697	1615	10 Dec 1699	84
10 Dec 1699		4	Randal Macdonnell	1680	19 Oct 1721	41
19 Oct 1721		5	Alexander Macdonnell PC [I] 1755	22 Jul 1713	13 Oct 1775	62
13 Oct 1775 19 Jun 1785 18 Aug 1789 to     29 Jul 1791	E[I] E[I] M[I]	6 1 1	Randall William Macdonnell Created Viscount Dunluce and Earl of Antrim 19 Jun 1785, and Marquess of Antrim 18 Aug 1789 MP [I] for Antrim County 1768‑1776; PC [I] 1786 For details of the special remainders included in the creations of 1785, see the note at the foot of this page On his death the Viscountcy of Dunluce of 1618, the Earldom of 1620 and the Marquessate became extinct, but the creations of 1785 passed to -	4 Nov 1749	29 Jul 1791	41
29 Jul 1791	E[I]	2	Anne Catherine Macdonnell	12 Aug 1775	30 Jun 1834	58
30 Jun 1834		3	Charlotte Kerr	12 Aug 1779	22 Oct 1835	56
22 Oct 1835		4	Hugh Seymour McDonnell	7 Aug 1812	19 Jul 1855	42
19 Jul 1855		5	Mark McDonnell	3 Apr 1814	19 Dec 1869	55
19 Dec 1869		6	William Randal McDonnell	8 Jan 1851	19 Jul 1918	67
19 Jul 1918		7	Randall Mark Kerr McDonnell	10 Dec 1878	15 Jun 1932	53
15 Jun 1932		8	Randall John Somerled McDonnell	22 May 1911	26 Sep 1977	66
26 Sep 1977		9	Alexander Randal Mark McDonnell	3 Feb 1935	21 Jul 2021	86
21 Jul 2021		10	Randal Alexander St. John McDonnell	2 Jul 1967
AP-ADAM
6 Feb 1299 to     1310	B	1	Sir John Ap-Adam Summoned to Parliament as Lord Ap-Adam 6 Feb 1299 On his death the peerage fell into abeyance		1310
APSLEY
24 Jan 1771	B	1	Henry Bathurst Created Baron Apsley 24 Jan 1771 He subsequently succeeded to the Earldom of Bathurst in 1775 with which title this peerage then merged and still remains so	20 May 1714	6 Aug 1794	80
ARASE
19 Oct 1706 to     15 Apr 1761	B[S]	1	Archibald Campbell Created Lord Oronsay, Dunoon and Arase, and Viscount and Earl of Ilay 19 Oct 1706 He subsequently succeeded to the Dukedom of Argyll in 1743. The creations of 1706 became extinct on his death	Jun 1682	15 Apr 1761	78
ARBUTHNOT OF EDROM
1 Oct 2015	B[L]		James Norwich Arbuthnot Created Baron Arbuthnot of Edrom for life 1 Oct 2015 MP for Wanstead and Woodford 1987‑1997 and Hampshire North East 1997‑2015; PC 1998	4 Aug 1952
ARBUTHNOTT
16 Nov 1641	V[S]	1	Sir Robert Arbuthnott Created Lord Inverbervie and Viscount of Arbuthnott 16 Nov 1641		10 Oct 1655
10 Oct 1655		2	Robert Arbuthnott		16 Jun 1682
16 Jun 1682		3	Robert Arbuthnott	1663	Aug 1694	31
Aug 1694		4	Robert Arbuthnott	26 Nov 1686	8 May 1710	23
8 May 1710		5	John Arbuthnott	1692	8 May 1756	63
8 May 1756		6	John Arbuthnott		20 Apr 1791
20 Apr 1791		7	John Arbuthnott	25 Feb 1754	27 Feb 1800	46
27 Feb 1800		8	John Arbuthnott Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1805‑1847	16 Jan 1778	10 Jan 1860	81
10 Jan 1860		9	John Arbuthnott	4 Jun 1806	26 May 1891	84
26 May 1891		10	John Arbuthnott	20 Jul 1843	30 Nov 1895	52
30 Nov 1895		11	David Arbuthnott For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page	29 Jan 1845	24 May 1914	69
24 May 1914		12	William Arbuthnott	26 Oct 1849	8 Nov 1917	68
8 Nov 1917		13	Walter Charles Warner Arbuthnott	22 Oct 1847	9 Aug 1920	72
9 Aug 1920		14	John Ogilvy Arbuthnott Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1926‑1960	15 Sep 1882	17 Oct 1960	78
17 Oct 1960		15	Robert Keith Arbuthnott Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1961‑1966	21 Aug 1897	15 Dec 1966	69
15 Dec 1966		16	John Campbell Arbuthnott Lord Lieutenant Kincardine 1977‑1999, KT 1996	26 Oct 1924	14 Jul 2012	87
14 Jul 2012		17	John Keith Oxley Arbuthnott	18 Jul 1950
ARCEDEKNE
15 May 1321	B	1	Thomas le Arcedekne Summoned to Parliament as Lord Arcedekne 15 May 1321		c Aug 1331
c Aug 1331		2	John le Arcedekne		by Dec 1377
by Dec 1377 to     by Dec 1400		3	Warin le Arcedekne On his death the peerage is presumed to have fallen into abeyance		by Dec 1400
ARCHER
14 Jul 1747	B	1	Thomas Archer Created Baron Archer 14 Jul 1747 MP for Warwick 1735-1741 and Bramber 1741-1747	21 Jul 1695	19 Oct 1768	73
19 Oct 1768 to     25 Apr 1778		2	Andrew Archer MP for Bramber 1761 and Coventry 1761‑1768 Peerage extinct on his death	29 Jul 1736	25 Apr 1778	41
ARCHER OF SANDWELL
9 Jul 1992 to     14 Jun 2012	B[L]		Peter Kingsley Archer Created Baron Archer of Sandwell for life 9 Jul 1992 MP for Rowley Regis and Tipton 1966‑1974 and Warley West 1974‑1992; Solicitor-General 1974‑1979; PC 1977 Peerage extinct on his death	20 Nov 1926	14 Jun 2012	85
ARCHER OF WESTON-SUPER-MARE
27 Jul 1992	B[L]		Jeffrey Howard Archer Created Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare for life 27 Jul 1992 MP for Louth 1969‑1974	15 Apr 1940
			For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page.
ARCHIBALD
12 Jul 1949	B	1	George Archibald Created Baron Archibald 12 Jul 1949	21 Jul 1898	25 Feb 1975	76
25 Feb 1975 to     27 Feb 1996		2	George Christopher Archibald He disclaimed the peerage for life 7 Mar 1975. Peerage extinct on his death	30 Dec 1926	27 Feb 1996	69
ARDEE
19 Jul 1616	B[I]	1	Edward Brabazon Created Lord Brabazon, Baron of Ardee 19 Jul 1616 See "Brabazon"	1549	7 Aug 1625	76
ARDELVE
18 Nov 1766	B[I]	1	Kenneth Mackenzie Created Baron of Ardelve and Viscount Fortrose 18 Nov 1766 He was subsequently created Earl of Seaforth in 1771, but on his death all peerages became extinct	15 Jan 1744	Aug 1781	37
ARDEN
23 May 1770	B[I]	1	Catherine Perceval, Countess of Egmont Created Baroness Arden 23 May 1770		11 Jun 1784
11 Jun 1784 28 Jul 1802		2 1	Charles George Perceval Created Baron Arden 28 Jul 1802 MP for Launceston 1780‑1790, Warwick 1790‑1796 and Totnes 1796‑1802; Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1830‑1840	1 Oct 1756	5 Jul 1840	83
5 Jul 1840		3	George James Perceval He succeeded to the Earldom of Egmont in 1841, with which title the two baronies then merged and remained so until the barony of 1802 became extinct in 1929 and the barony of 1770 became extinct in 2011	14 Mar 1794	2 Aug 1874	80
ARDENERIE
May 1580	B[I]	1	Sir John Bourke Created Baron of Ardenerie May 1580		24 Nov 1580
24 Nov 1580 to     1591		2	William Bourke Peerage became dormant on his death	c 1560	1591
ARDGLASS
15 Apr 1645	E[I]	1	Thomas Cromwell, 4th Baron Cromwell Created Viscount Lecale 22 Nov 1624 and Earl of Ardglass 15 Apr 1645	11 Jun 1594	1653	59
1653		2	Wingfield Cromwell	12 Sep 1622	3 Oct 1668	46
3 Oct 1668		3	Thomas Cromwell	29 Nov 1653	11 Apr 1682	28
11 Apr 1682 to     26 Nov 1687		4	Vere Essex Cromwell PC [I] 1685 Peerage extinct on his death	1623	26 Nov 1687	64
ARDILAUN
1 May 1880 to     20 Jan 1915	B	1	Sir Arthur Edward Guinness Created Baron Ardilaun 1 May 1880 MP for Dublin 1868‑1869 and 1874‑1880 Peerage extinct on his death	1 Nov 1840	20 Jan 1915	74
ARDMANNOCH
23 Jan 1481 to     17 Jan 1504	B[S]	1	James Stewart Created Lord of Brechin, Navar and Ardmannoch, and Earl of Ross 23 Jan 1481, and Lord Brechin & Navar, Earl of Edirdale, Marquess of Ormond and Duke of Ross 29 Jan 1488 Second son of James III of Scotland Peerages extinct on his death	Mar 1476	17 Jan 1504	28
15 May 1565	B[S]	1	Henry Stuart Created Lord Ardmannoch and Earl of Ross 15 May 1565, and Duke of Albany 20 Jul 1565 See "Albany"	1545	10 Feb 1567	21
23 Dec 1600 to     27 Mar 1625	B[S]	1	Charles Stuart Created Lord Ardmannoch, Earl of Ross, Marquess of Ormond and Duke of Albany 23 Dec 1600 He succeeded to the throne of England as Charles I in 1625, when the peerage merged with the Crown	19 Nov 1600	30 Jan 1649	48
ARDROSSAN
21 Feb 1806	B	1	Hugh Montgomerie, 12th Earl of Eglintoun Created Baron Ardrossan 21 Feb 1806 See "Eglinton"	5 Nov 1739	14 Dec 1819	80
ARDWICK
16 Jan 1970 to     18 Aug 1994	B[L]		John Cowburn Beavan Created Baron Ardwick for life 16 Jan 1970 MEP 1975‑1979 Peerage extinct on his death	19 Apr 1910	18 Aug 1994	84
ARGYLL
1457	E[S]	1	Colin Campbell, 2nd Lord Campbell Created Earl of Argyll 1457		10 May 1493
10 May 1493		2	Archibald Campbell		9 Sep 1513
9 Sep 1513		3	Colin Campbell		Oct 1529
Oct 1529		4	Archibald Campbell		1558
1558		5	Archibald Campbell Chancellor of Scotland 1573; PC 1571	c 1532	12 Sep 1575
12 Sep 1575		6	Colin Campbell Chancellor of Scotland 1579‑1584		Oct 1584
Oct 1584		7	Archibald Campbell	1576	1638	62
1638 15 Nov 1641 to     27 May 1661	M[S]	8 1	Archibald Campbell Created Marquess of Argyll 15 Nov 1641 PC 1626 He was tried for high treason and executed when all honours were forfeited	1597	27 May 1661	63
16 Oct 1663 to     30 Jun 1685		9	Archibald Campbell Restored to the Earldom 16 Oct 1663, attainted 1681, executed 1685 when honours forfeited	c 1625	30 Jun 1685
1689 23 Jun 1701	D[S]	10 1	Archibald Campbell Created Lord of Inverary, Mull, Morvern and Tirie, Viscount of Lochow and Glenyla, Earl of Campbell and Cowall, Marquess of Kintyre and Lorn and Duke of Argyll 23 Jun 1701 Obtained reversal of attainder 1689		21 Oct 1703
21 Oct 1703		2	John Campbell Created Baron of Chatham and Earl of Greenwich 26 Nov 1705 and Duke of Greenwich 27 Apr 1719 Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1715‑1716; PC 1709; KT 1704; KG 1710 On his death the Earldom and Dukedom of Greenwich became extinct	10 Oct 1680	4 Oct 1743	62
4 Oct 1743		3	Archibald Campbell Created Lord Oronsay, Dunoon and Arase, and Viscount and Earl of Ilay 19 Oct 1706 These titles extinct on his death Privy Seal of Scotland 1721; PC 1711	Jun 1682	15 Apr 1761	78
15 Apr 1761		4	John Campbell MP for Buteshire 1713‑1715, Elgin Burghs 1715‑1722 and 1725‑1727 and Dunbartonshire 1727‑1761; PC 1762; KT 1765	c 1693	9 Nov 1770
9 Nov 1770		5	John Campbell Created Baron Sundridge 22 Dec 1766 MP for Glasgow 1744‑1761 and Dover 1765‑1766; Lord Lieutenant Argyll 1794‑1806	Jun 1723	24 May 1806	82
24 May 1806		6	George William Campbell, 3rd Baron Hamilton of Hameldon MP for St. Germans 1790‑1796; Lord Lieutenant Argyll 1806‑1839; PC 1833	22 Sep 1766	22 Oct 1839	73
22 Oct 1839		7	John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell MP for Argyllshire 1799‑1822	21 Dec 1777	25 Apr 1847	69
25 Apr 1847 7 Apr 1892	D	8 1	George Douglas Campbell Created Duke of Argyll [UK] 7 Apr 1892 Lord Privy Seal 1853 ,1859‑1866 and 1880‑1881; Postmaster General 1855‑1858; Secretary of State for India 1868‑1874; Lord Lieutenant of Argyll 1862‑1900; PC 1853; KT 1856; KG 1884	30 Apr 1823	24 Apr 1900	76
24 Apr 1900		9 2	John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell MP for Argyllshire 1868‑1878 and Manchester South 1895‑1900; Governor General of Canada 1878‑1883; Lord Lieutenant of Argyll 1900‑1914; KT 1871; PC 1875; KG 1911	6 Aug 1845	2 May 1914	68
2 May 1914		10 3	Niall Diarmid Sutherland Campbell Lord Lieutenant Argyll 1922‑1949	16 Feb 1872	20 Aug 1949	77
20 Aug 1949		11 4	Ian Douglas Campbell For further information on his wife, Margaret, see the note at the foot of this page	18 Jun 1903	7 Apr 1973	69
7 Apr 1973		12 5	Ian Campbell Lord Lieutenant Argyll and Bute 1994‑2001	28 Aug 1937	21 Apr 2001	63
21 Apr 2001		13 6	Torquhil Ian Campbell	29 May 1968
ARKLOW
27 Nov 1801 to     21 Apr 1843	B	1	HRH Augustus Frederick Created Baron of Arklow, Earl of Inverness and Duke of Sussex 27 Nov 1801 Sixth son of George III Peerages extinct on his death	27 Jan 1773	21 Apr 1843	70
24 May 1881	B	1	HRH Leopold George Duncan Albert Created Baron Arklow, Earl of Clarence and Duke of Albany 24 May 1881 See "Albany"	7 Apr 1853	28 Mar 1884	30
ARLINGTON
22 Apr 1672	E	1	Henry Bennet Created Baron Arlington 14 Mar 1665 and Baron Arlington, Viscount Thetford and Earl of Arlington 22 Apr 1672 Secretary of State 1668; Lord Lieutenant Suffolk 1681‑1685, KG 1672; PC 1679	6 Sep 1618	28 Jul 1685	66
28 Jul 1685		2	Isabella Fitzroy, Duchess of Grafton	1668	7 Feb 1723	54
7 Feb 1723		3	Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of Grafton	25 Oct 1683	6 May 1757	73
6 May 1757		4	Augustus Henry Fitroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton	28 Sep 1735	14 Mar 1811	75
14 Mar 1811		5	George Henry Fitzroy, 4th Duke of Grafton	14 Jan 1760	28 Sep 1844	84
28 Sep 1844		6	Henry Fitzroy, 5th Duke of Grafton	10 Feb 1790	26 Mar 1863	73
26 Mar 1863		7	William Henry Fitzroy, 6th Duke of Grafton	4 Aug 1819	21 May 1882	62
21 May 1882		8	Augustus Charles Lennox Fitzroy, 7th Duke of Grafton	22 Jun 1821	4 Dec 1918	97
4 Dec 1918		9	Alfred William Maitland Fitzroy, 8th Duke of Grafton	3 Mar 1850	10 Jan 1930	79
10 Jan 1930 to     4 Aug 1936		10	John Charles William Fitzroy, 9th Duke of Grafton On his death the peerages fell into abeyance	1 Aug 1914	4 Aug 1936	22
May 1999	B	11	Jennifer Jane Forwood Barony called out of abeyance in her favour 1999 For further information on this peeress, see the note at the foot of this page	7 May 1939
ARMAGH
24 Apr 1799	E[I]	1	HRH Ernest Augustus Created Earl of Armagh and Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale 24 Apr 1799 Fifth son of George III See "Cumberland and Teviotdale"	6 Jun 1771	18 Nov 1851	80
ARMAGHDALE
17 Jan 1918 to     11 Jun 1924	B	1	Sir John Brownlee Lonsdale, 1st baronet Created Baron Armaghdale 17 Jan 1918 MP for Armagh Mid 1899‑1918; Lord Lieutenant Armagh 1920‑1924 Peerage extinct on his death	23 Mar 1850	11 Jun 1924	74
ARMITSTEAD
19 Jul 1906 to     7 Dec 1915	B	1	George Armitstead Created Baron Armitstead 19 Jul 1906 MP for Dundee 1868‑1873 and 1880‑1885 Peerage extinct on his death	28 Feb 1824	7 Dec 1915	91
ARMSTRONG
6 Jul 1887 to     27 Dec 1900	B	1	Sir William George Armstrong Created Baron Armstrong 6 Jul 1887 Peerage extinct on his death	26 Nov 1810	27 Dec 1900	90
4 Aug 1903	B	1	William Henry Armstrong Fitzpatrick Watson-Armstrong Created Baron Armstrong 4 Aug 1903	3 May 1863	15 Oct 1941	78
15 Oct 1941		2	William John Montagu Watson-Armstrong	10 Oct 1892	6 Jul 1972	79
6 Jul 1972 to     1 Oct 1987		3	William Henry Cecil John Robin Watson-Armstrong Peerage extinct on his death	6 Mar 1919	1 Oct 1987	68
ARMSTRONG OF HILL TOP
18 Jun 2010	B[L]		Hilary Jane Armstrong Created Baroness Armstrong of Hill Top for life 18 Jun 2010 MP for Durham North West 1987‑2010; Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury 2001‑2006; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 2006‑2007; PC 1999	30 Nov 1945
ARMSTRONG OF ILMINSTER
26 Feb 1988 to     3 Apr 2020	B[L]		Sir Robert Temple Armstrong Created Baron Armstrong of Ilminster for life 26 Feb 1988 Peerage extinct on his death	30 Mar 1927	3 Apr 2020	93
ARMSTRONG OF SANDERSTEAD
29 Jan 1975 to     12 Jul 1980	B[L]		Sir William Armstrong Created Baron Armstrong of Sanderstead for life 29 Jan 1975 PC 1973 Peerage extinct on his death	3 Mar 1915	12 Jul 1980	65
ARMSTRONG-JONES
16 Nov 1999 to     13 Jan 2017	B[L]		Anthony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon Created Baron Armstrong-Jones for life 16 Nov 1999 Peerage extinct on his death	7 Mar 1930	13 Jan 2017	86
ARNOLD
12 Feb 1924 to     3 Aug 1945	B	1	Sydney Arnold Created Baron Arnold 12 Feb 1924 MP for Holmfirth 1912‑1918 and Penistone 1918‑1921; Paymaster General 1929‑1931 Peerage extinct on his death	13 Jan 1878	3 Aug 1945	67
ARRAN [IRELAND]
13 May 1662 to     25 Jan 1686	E[I]	1	Lord Richard Butler Created Baron Butler of Cloughgrenan, Viscount Tullough and Earl of Arran 13 May 1662, and Baron Butler of Weston [E] 27 Aug 1673 Peerage extinct on his death	15 Jun 1639	25 Jan 1686	46
8 Mar 1693 to     17 Dec 1758	E[I]	1	Charles Butler Created Baron of Cloughgrenan, Viscount of Tullogh and Earl of Arran 8 Mar 1693, and Baron Butler of Weston 23 Jan 1694 He later [1745] succeeded as 7th Earl of Ormonde and 3rd Duke of Ormonde The above peerages (and the Dukedom) became extinct on his death	4 Sep 1671	17 Dec 1758	87
12 Apr 1762	E[I]	1	Sir Arthur Gore, 3rd baronet Created Baron Saunders and Viscount Sudley 15 Aug 1758 and Earl of Arran 12 Apr 1762 MP [I] for Donegal Borough 1727‑1758; PC [I] 1748	1703	17 Apr 1773	69
17 Apr 1773		2	Arthur Saunders Gore MP [I] for Donegal Borough 1759‑1761 and 1768‑1774, and Wexford County 1761‑1768; PC [I] 1771; KP 1783	25 Jul 1734	8 Oct 1809	75
8 Oct 1809		3	Arthur Saunders Gore MP [I] for Baltimore 1783‑1790 and Donegal County 1800; MP for Donegal 1801‑1806	20 Jul 1761	20 Jan 1837	75
20 Jan 1837		4	Philip Yorke Gore KP 1841	23 Nov 1801	25 Jun 1884	82
25 Jun 1884		5	Arthur Saunders Gore Created Baron Sudley 7 Nov 1884 Lord Lieutenant Mayo 1889‑1901; KP 1898	6 Jan 1839	14 Mar 1901	62
14 Mar 1901		6	Arthur Jocelyn Charles Gore Lord Lieutenant Donegal 1917‑1920; KP 1909; PC [I] 1917	14 Sep 1868	19 Dec 1958	90
19 Dec 1958		7	Arthur Paul John James Charles Gore	31 Jul 1903	28 Dec 1958	55
28 Dec 1958		8	Arthur Kattendyke Strange Archibald Gore	5 Jul 1910	23 Feb 1983	72
23 Feb 1983		9	Arthur Desmond Colquhoun Gore [Elected hereditary peer 1999-]	14 Jul 1938
ARRAN [SCOTLAND]
26 Apr 1467 to     1469	E[S]	1	Thomas Boyd Created Earl of Arran 26 Apr 1467 He was attainted 1469 and the title forfeited		c 1472
11 Aug 1503	E[S]	1	James Hamilton, 3rd Lord Hamilton Created Earl of Arran 11 Aug 1503	c 1475	c 1529
c 1529		2	James Hamilton Regent of Scotland 1542‑1554		22 Jan 1575
22 Jan 1575		3	James Hamilton He resigned the Earldom in 1581 in favour of James Stewart (see below). After James Stewart was attainted in 1585, he was restored to the Earldom in 1586		Mar 1609
Mar 1609		4	James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton	1589	2 Mar 1625	36
2 Mar 1625 12 Apr 1643	E[S]	5 1	James Hamilton, 3rd Marquess of Hamilton Created Lord Aven and Innerdale, Earl of Arran, Marquess of Clydesdale and Duke of Hamilton 12 Apr 1643	19 Jun 1606	9 Mar 1649	42
9 Mar 1649		6	William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton On his death the creation of 1643 passed to the Duchess of Hamilton while the original creation of 1503 became dormant	14 Dec 1616	2 Sep 1651	34
28 Oct 1581 to     1585	E[S]	1	James Stewart Created Lord of Avane and Hamilton, and Earl of Arran 28 Oct 1581 He was attainted 1585 when the peerage was forfeited		1596
ARRASS
			See "Macdonnell and Arrass" cr 1660
ARUNDEL
Dec 1067	E	1	Roger de Montgomery Created Earl of Arundel Dec 1067		27 Jul 1094
27 Jul 1094		2	Hugh de Montgomery		1098
1098 to     1102		3	Robert de Bellesme He was attainted and exiled 1102 when the peerage was forfeited
1138	E	1	William de Albini He married Adelicia in 1138 and acquired the Earldom of Arundel		12 Oct 1176
12 Oct 1176		2	William de Albini		24 Dec 1193
24 Dec 1193		3	William de Albini		Mar 1221
Mar 1221		4	William de Albini		Aug 1224
Aug 1224		5	Hugh de Albini	c 1215	7 May 1243
1289	E	1	Richard Fitz-Alan Created Earl of Arundel 1289	3 Feb 1267	1302	35
1302 to     1326		2	Edmund Fitz-Alan He was attainted and executed 1326 when the peerage was forfeited	1 May 1285	17 Nov 1326	41
1331		3	Richard Fitz-Alan Restored to the peerage 1331	c 1306	24 Jan 1376
24 Jan 1376 to     1397		4	Richard Fitz-Alan KG 1386 He was attainted and executed 1397 when the peerage was forfeited	c 1348	21 Sep 1397
Oct 1400		5	Thomas Fitz-Alan Restored to the peerage Oct 1400 KG 1400	13 Oct 1381	13 Oct 1415	34
13 Oct 1415		6	John Fitz-Alan	1 Aug 1385	21 Apr 1421	35
21 Apr 1421		7	John Fitz-Alan KG 1432	14 Feb 1408	12 Jun 1435	27
12 Jun 1435		8	Humphrey Fitz-Alan	Jan 1429	24 Apr 1438	9
24 Apr 1438		9	William Fitz-Alan KG 1471	23 Nov 1417	early 1488	70
early 1488		10	Thomas Fitz-Alan KG 1474 He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of Acceleration as Lord Maltravers in 1482		25 Oct 1524
25 Oct 1524		11	William Fitz-Alan KG 1525	c 1484	23 Jan 1544
23 Jan 1544		12	Henry Fitz-Alan KG 1544 He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of Acceleration as Lord Maltravers 5 Feb 1533	c 1513	24 Feb 1580
24 Feb 1580 to     1589		13	Philip Howard He was attainted and the peerage forfeited in 1589	28 Jun 1557	19 Oct 1595	38
1604		14	Thomas Howard Restored to the peerage 1604 Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1635; KG 1611	7 Jul 1585	26 Sep 1646	61
26 Sep 1646		15	Henry Frederick Howard	15 Aug 1608	17 Apr 1652	43
17 Apr 1652		16	Thomas Howard He was restored to the Dukedom of Norfolk in 1660 into which this peerage then merged	9 Mar 1627	13 Dec 1677	50
4 Aug 1377	B	1	John d'Arundel Summoned to Parliament as Lord Arundel 4 Aug 1377		16 Dec 1379
16 Dec 1379		2	John d'Arundel	30 Nov 1364	14 Aug 1390	24
14 Aug 1390		3	John d'Arundel (or Fitz-Alan) He succeeded to the Earldom of Arundel in 1415 (see above) with which title this peerage then merged	1 Aug 1385	21 Apr 1421	35
ARUNDELL OF TRERICE
23 Mar 1664	B	1	Richard Arundell Created Baron Arundell of Trerice 23 Mar 1664 MP for Bere Alston 1660‑1661 and 1662‑1664	c 1616	7 Sep 1687
7 Sep 1687		2	John Arundell	Aug 1649	23 Jun 1698	48
23 Jun 1698		3	John Arundell	25 Feb 1678	24 Sep 1706	28
24 Sep 1706 to     13 Aug 1768		4	John Arundell Peerage extinct on his death	21 Nov 1701	13 Aug 1768	66
ARUNDELL OF WARDOUR
4 May 1605	B	1	Thomas Arundell Created Baron Arundell of Wardour 4 May 1605	c 1560	7 Nov 1639
			For further information on this peer, see the note at the foot of this page.
7 Nov 1639		2	Thomas Arundell For further information on this peer's wife, see the note at the foot of this page	c 1586	16 May 1643
16 May 1643		3	Henry Arundell Lord Privy Seal 1686; PC 1686	20 Feb 1606	28 Dec 1694	88
28 Dec 1694		4	Thomas Arundell	1633	10 Feb 1712	78
10 Feb 1712		5	Henry Arundell		20 Apr 1726
20 Apr 1726		6	Henry Arundell	4 Oct 1694	30 Jun 1746	51
30 Jun 1746		7	Henry Arundell	4 Oct 1717	12 Sep 1756	38
12 Sep 1756		8	Henry Arundell	21 Mar 1740	4 Dec 1808	68
4 Dec 1808		9	James Everard Arundell	4 Mar 1763	14 Jul 1817	54
14 Jul 1817		10	James Everard Arundell	3 Nov 1785	21 Jun 1834	48
21 Jun 1834		11	Henry Benedict Arundell	12 Nov 1804	19 Oct 1862	57
19 Oct 1862		12	John Francis Arundell	28 Dec 1831	26 Oct 1906	74
26 Oct 1906		13	Everard Aloysius Gonzaga Arundell	6 Sep 1834	11 Jul 1907	72
11 Jul 1907		14	Edgar Clifford Arundell	20 Dec 1859	8 Dec 1921	61
8 Dec 1921		15	Gerald Arthur Arundell	11 Dec 1861	30 Mar 1939	77
30 Mar 1939 to     25 Sep 1944		16	John Francis Arundell Peerage extinct on his death	18 Jun 1907	25 Sep 1944	37
ARWYN
29 Dec 1964 to     23 Feb 1978	B[L]		Arwyn Randall Arwyn [formerly Davies - name changed by deed poll 14 Dec 1964] Created Baron Arwyn for life 29 Dec 1964 Peerage extinct on his death	17 Apr 1897	23 Feb 1978	80
ASCOTT
2 Aug 1628	V	1	Robert Dormer, 2nd Baron Dormer Created Viscount Ascott and Earl of Carnarvon 2 Aug 1628 See "Carnarvon"		20 Sep 1643
ASHBOURNE
4 Jul 1885	B	1	Edward Gibson Created Baron Ashbourne 4 Jul 1885 MP for Dublin University 1875‑1885; Attorney General for Ireland 1877‑1880; Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1885‑1886, 1886‑1892 and 1895‑1905; PC [I] 1877; PC 1885	4 Sep 1837	22 May 1913	75
22 May 1913		2	William Gibson	16 Dec 1868	21 Jan 1942	73
21 Jan 1942		3	Edward Russell Gibson	1 Jun 1901	3 Sep 1983	82
3 Sep 1983		4	Edward Barry Greynville Gibson	28 Jan 1933	6 Oct 2020	87
6 Oct 2020		5	(Edward) Charles D'Olier Gibson	31 Dec 1967
ASHBROOK
30 Sep 1751	V[I]	1	Henry Flower, 2nd Baron Castle Durrow Created Viscount Ashbrook 30 Sep 1751		27 Jun 1752
27 Jun 1752		2	William Flower	25 Jun 1744	30 Aug 1780	36
30 Aug 1780		3	William Flower	19 Oct 1767	6 Jan 1802	34
6 Jan 1802		4	Henry Jeffrey Flower	6 Nov 1776	4 May 1847	70
4 May 1847		5	Henry Flower	17 Jun 1806	3 Aug 1871	65
3 Aug 1871		6	Henry Jeffrey Flower	26 Mar 1829	14 Dec 1882	53
14 Dec 1882		7	William Spencer Flower	23 Mar 1830	25 Nov 1906	76
25 Nov 1906		8	Robert Thomas Flower	1 Apr 1836	9 Mar 1919	82
9 Mar 1919		9	Llowarch Robert Flower	9 Jul 1870	30 Aug 1936	66
30 Aug 1936		10	Desmond Llowarch Edward Flower	9 Jul 1905	5 Dec 1995	90
5 Dec 1995		11	Michael Llowarch Warburton Flower	9 Dec 1935
ASHBURNHAM
20 May 1689	B	1	John Ashburnham Created Baron Ashburnham 20 May 1689 MP for Hastings 1679‑1681 and 1685‑1689	15 Jan 1656	21 Jan 1710	54
21 Jan 1710		2	William Ashburnham MP for Hastings 1702‑1710	21 May 1679	16 Jun 1710	31
16 Jun 1710 14 May 1730	E	3 1	John Ashburnham Created Viscount St. Asaph and Earl of Ashburnham 14 May 1730 MP for Hastings 1710	13 Mar 1687	10 Mar 1737	49
10 Mar 1737		2	John Ashburnham Lord Lieutenant Sussex 1754‑1757; PC 1765	30 Oct 1724	8 Apr 1812	87
8 Apr 1812		3	George Ashburnham KG 1829 He was summoned to Parliament by a Writ of Acceleration as Baron Ashburnham 23 Mar 1803	25 Dec 1760	27 Oct 1830	69
27 Oct 1830		4	Bertram Ashburnham	23 Nov 1797	22 Jun 1878	80
22 Jun 1878		5	Bertram Ashburnham	28 Oct 1840	15 Jan 1913	72
15 Jan 1913 to     12 May 1924		6	Thomas Ashburnham Peerages extinct on his death	8 Apr 1855	12 May 1924	69
ASHBURTON
8 Apr 1782	B	1	John Dunning Created Baron Ashburton 8 Apr 1782 MP for Calne 1768‑1782; Solicitor General 1767‑1770; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1782‑1783; PC 1782	18 Oct 1731	18 Aug 1783	51
18 Aug 1783 to     Feb 1823		2	Richard Barre Dunning Peerage extinct on his death	17 Sep 1782	Feb 1823	40
10 Apr 1835	B	1	Alexander Baring Created Baron Ashburton 10 Apr 1835 MP for Taunton 1806‑1826, Callington 1826‑1831, Thetford 1831‑1832 and Essex North 1832‑1835; PC 1834	27 Oct 1774	12 May 1848	73
12 May 1848		2	William Bingham Baring MP for Thetford 1826‑1830 and 1841‑1848, Callington 1830‑1831, Winchester 1832‑1837, and Staffordshire North 1837‑1841; PC 1845	Jun 1799	23 Mar 1864	64
23 Mar 1864		3	Francis Baring MP for Thetford 1830‑1831, 1832‑1841 and 1848‑1857	20 May 1800	6 Sep 1868	68
6 Sep 1868		4	Alexander Hugh Baring MP for Thetford 1857‑1867	4 May 1835	18 Jul 1889	54
18 Jul 1889		5	Francis Denzil Edward Baring	20 Jul 1866	27 Mar 1938	71
27 Mar 1938		6	Alexander Francis St Vincent Baring Lord Lieutenant Hampshire 1960‑1973; KG 1969	7 Apr 1898	12 Jun 1991	93
12 Jun 1991		7	John Francis Harcourt Baring KG 1994	2 Nov 1928	6 Oct 2020	91
6 Oct 2020		8	Mark Francis Robert Baring	17 Aug 1958
ASHBY
6 Jul 1973 to     22 Oct 1992	B[L]		Sir Eric Ashby Created Baron Ashby for life 6 Jul 1973 Peerage extinct on his death	24 Aug 1904	22 Oct 1992	88
ASHBY ST LEDGERS
15 Mar 1910	B	1	Ivor Churchill Guest Created Baron Ashby St. Ledgers 15 Mar 1910 and Viscount Wimborne 15 Jun 1918 See "Wimborne"	16 Jan 1873	14 Jun 1939	66
ASHCOMBE
22 Aug 1892	B	1	George Cubitt Created Baron Ashcombe 22 Aug 1892 MP for Surrey West 1860‑1885 and Epsom 1885‑1892; PC 1880	4 Jun 1828	26 Feb 1917	88
26 Feb 1917		2	Henry Cubitt MP for Reigate 1892‑1906; Lord Lieutenant Surrey 1905‑1939	14 Mar 1867	27 Oct 1947	80
27 Oct 1947		3	Roland Calvert Cubitt	26 Jan 1899	28 Oct 1962	63
28 Oct 1962		4	Henry Edward Cubitt	31 Mar 1924	4 Dec 2013	89
4 Dec 2013		5	Mark Edward Cubitt	29 Feb 1964

	The special remainder to the Earldom of Annesley created in 1789
	From the London Gazette of 18 August 1789 (issue 13124, page 557):-
	His Majesty's Royal Letters being received granting the following Dignities, Letters Patent are preparing to be passed under the Great Seal of this Kingdom accordingly [including] to Francis Charles Viscount Glerawly the Dignity of Earl Annesley, of Castlewellan, in the County of Down, to him and the Heirs Male of his Body, and in Default of such Issue, to his Brother, the Honourable Richard Annesley, and the Heirs Male of his Body.
	Francis Annesley, 6th Earl Annesley
	The 6th Earl was killed in November 1914, as reported in The Times of 9 December 1914:-
	A message received from Newcastle, County Down, yesterday from Lady Annesley, who is now in London, states that the aeroplane in which were Lord Annesley and Flight-Lieutenant Beevor was shot down by the Germans while it was flying over Ostend on November 5. Both the airmen were instantly killed.
	It was announced by the Secretary of the Admiralty on November 11 that Flight-Lieutenant Beevor, R.N., with Sub-Lieutenant Earl Annesley, R.N.V.R., as passenger, left Eastchurch to fly across on the 5th, but that the machine never reached its destination. In spite of careful search with aeroplanes, seaplanes and control ships, no tidings of the missing airmen had been received.
	The special remainders to the Viscountcy of Dunluce and the Earldom of Antrim created in 1785
	From the London Gazette of 2 July 1785 (issue 12661, page 322):-
	The King has been pleased to order Letters Patent to be passed under the Great Seal of the Kingdom of Ireland, containing His Majesty's Grant of the Dignities of Viscount and Earl of the said Kingdom to the Right Honourable Randal William Earl of Antrim, and the Heirs Male of his Body lawfully begotten, by the Name, Stile and Title of Viscount Dunluce, in the County of Antrim, and Earl of Antrim, in the said County, with Remainders to the first and every other Daughter of the Body of the said Earl, and the Heirs Male of their respective Bodies lawfully begotten.
	David Arbuthnott, 11th Viscount Arbuthnott
	Although he had been viewed as being of unsound mind in Scotland, the 11th Viscount was not so viewed in England, thereby causing a deal of confusion in the management of his English estates. This situation was resolved in 1898, as reported by the Middlesbrough North-Eastern Daily Gazette of 28 March 1898:-
	Mr. Fisher, Q.C., a Master in Lunacy, and a jury, on Saturday held an enquiry at the County Hotel, Carlisle, into the sanity of Viscount Arbuthnot, whose address was given as the Royal Lunatic Asylum. Montrose. Mr. F.W. Chance, Morton, was foreman of the jury. Mr. Herbert Chitty, barrister-at-law, appeared for the petitioner, the Hon. William Arbuthnot, a younger brother of Lord Arbuthnot, and asked the jury to come to the conclusion that his lordship was of unsound mind and incapable of managing himself or his affairs.
	Lord Arbuthnot was about 53 years of age, and had been an imbecile practically from boyhood. As long ago as 1868 his father took proceedings in the Scottish Courts and was appointed to manage his affairs. From that time he had been under control in one asylum or another by order of the Courts. The English Courts, while they recognise the jurisdiction of a curator appointed in Scotland so far as personal property was concerned, did not recognise him for the purposes of real property; and in 1895, upon the death of his elder brother, the present Viscount came into the title and became the tenant for life of the family estates in Dorsetshire and Somersetshire. The consequence was that unless proceedings were taken and a verdict found that he was incapable of managing his affairs, there would be nobody capable of managing the family estates in England, and they would go to wrack and ruin. Evidence having been called, the jury found that Lord Arbuthnot was of unsound mind.
	Between about 1891 and at least 1923, a syndicated column by the "Marquise de Fontenoy" appeared on a daily basis in a number of major American newspapers, notably the Chicago Daily Tribune and the Washington Post. The "Marquise de Fontenoy" was the nom-de-plume of Frederick Cunliffe-Owen (1855-1926) who specialised in writing articles relating to British and European aristocratic society, for consumption by American readers.
	The following article appeared as part of the Marquise's column in the Chicago Daily Tribune on 5 April 1898:-
	To the long list of crazy English peers must now be added the name of Viscount Arbuthnot, head of one of the most ancient and illustrious houses of Scotland, who has just been officially declared insane by the English courts. He only succeeded to the peerage three years ago, and since that time has been an inmate of a lunatic asylum at Montrose.
	There is no doubt about his being mad as a March hare from a Scotch point of view. But there has been considerable difficulty about getting the English courts to look upon his eccentricities in the same light. Yet this was necessary, as there are large estates in the English Counties of Dorset and Somerset which go with the title, and which it was impossible to administer or manage by means of trustees as long as he was not judicially declared insane by English tribunals.
	In order to show the delightful condition of affairs which this possession of distinct judicial systems by the two kingdoms of Scotland and of England have entailed in this particular case, I may mention that until now Lord Arbuthnot has only been judicially a lunatic north of the Tweed, and that while in Scotland his affairs have been managed for some time past by trustees in consequence of his lunacy, he has legally retained control of his English estates, for the administration of which nothing could be done without obtaining his signature from the lunatic asylum in which he is confined in Scotland. Being a Scotch peer, he has no hereditary seat in the House of Lords, which is rather an advantage. For there is nothing in the British constitution or code of justice which prevents members of the House of Lords mentally afflicted from casting their vote upon questions of national importance … and in the House of Lords it is sometimes a single vote which decides the fate of a great issue.
	There is no doubt as to the legality and validity of the vote in the Upper House cast by a lunatic peer. It is a matter that has been decided by Parliament and confirmed by the Courts of law at the time of the passage of the Catholic emancipation bill prior to the accession of Queen Victoria, and was reaffirmed by the National Legislature at the time of the memorable defeat of Mr. Gladstone's home rule bill [8 September 1893], when Viscount Hereford, the Earl of Wilton and two or three other peers were brought down from their respective mad-houses to vote against the grant by England of long delayed justice to Ireland.
	Curiously enough, neither the English law nor yet the National Legislature, will admit the validity of the vote cast in the Lower Chamber by a member of the Commons, who may happen to have become insane [but only since 1886]. That is to say, that a crazy Lord is held by law to possess more qualifications for the performance of legislative duties than a crazy Commoner. It is for the reader to judge whether this must be regarded as a compliment to the Lords, or whether it is a reflection on the importance or the reverse of their legislative duties.
	Jeffrey Howard Archer, Baron Archer of Weston-super-Mare
	Archer was charged in 2001 with perjury and conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. The allegations referred to an earlier civil action in which Archer had won substantial damages from a newspaper for suggesting that he had slept with a prostitute named Monica Coghlan. In the criminal trial he was found guilty and sentenced to four years in prison.
	According to Brewers Rogues, Villains and Eccentrics, Archer's father, William (1879-1957), was also somewhat less than honest. In 1914, he was charged with defrauding the public while posing as a mortgage broker. He jumped bail and departed for France, where he called himself William Grimwood and worked as a hospital orderly. In 1916 he travelled to America on a false passport and posed as an army surgeon recovering from a war wound. To back up this story he had compiled an album of false photographs that showed him in uniform. With the help of a bogus degree from Oxford University he then set up a charity that claimed to be raising money for injured soldiers. In 1917, he was arrested to taking money by false pretences and sentenced by an American court to three years in prison. He was released after 10 months and departed to Canada. Here, he re-offended and was sentenced to a year's hard labour. Before he could serve his sentence he was deported to Britain, where he was arrested and sent back to the Old Bailey to face a charge of jumping bail. He spent seven weeks in prison on remand before the prosecution dropped the case after one witness died and another moved to France.
	Margaret, Duchess of Argyll (1912-1993)
	The Duchess was the only daughter of George Wigham, a self-made businessman from Glasgow. She was voted "Deb of the Year' in 1930 and subsequently turned down an offer of marriage from Max Aitken, son of Lord Beaverbrook, and broke off her engagement to Prince Aly Khan in favour of the Earl of Warwick, who she subsequently deserted for Charles Sweeney, an American golfer.
	Margaret was nearly killed in 1943 after she fell 40 feet down an elevator shaft. When she recovered, she had lost all sense of taste and smell due to nerve damage. At the same time, however, she had also become sexually voracious, to the point of nymphomania.
	Sweeney discouraged his wife from leading an ostentatious life during World War II, so she consoled herself with American servicemen. She and Sweeney had two surviving children - Frances, later Duchess of Rutland, and Brian - but the marriage failed. She then married the 11th Duke of Argyll in 1951.
	In 1963, the Duke instigated divorce proceedings in Edinburgh before Lord Wheatley. The case involved the production in court of a diary, stolen by the Duke, in which the Duchess had listed the physical attributes of her many lovers as if, in the words of her Daily Telegraph obituary, 'she was running them at Newmarket'. Even more of a sensation was caused by the production of photographs in which the Duchess, naked apart from three strings of pearls, was seen to be fellating someone who was soon to pass into folklore as 'the Headless Man'. In another photo found in her boudoir, a man was seen to be masturbating.
	In his 40,000-word summing up, Lord Wheatley found that the Duchess had committed adultery with at least four men - the West German Ambassador at the UN, the public relations officer of the Savoy Hotel, an American businessman whose habits the judge likened to those of a tomcat, and the 'Headless Man'.
	The Duke was granted his divorce, but the Duchess continued to entertain the public. She sued, at one time or another, her daughter, her landlord, her bankers and her recently widowed step-mother, who she accused (correctly, as it turned out) of having an affair with her ex-husband.
	In her later years, the Duchess was much exercised by the servant problem. In the early 1980s she fell out with Mrs Springett, who had looked after her for many years. Mrs Springett had been found unconscious next to an empty whisky bottle on the floor of the Duchess's bedroom. Good relations were restored but the Duchess was obliged to send solicitor's letters instructing Mrs Springett to stop calling her 'a silly old whore' in front of her guests. In 1989, her Moroccan maid was prosecuted for running up a large phone bill. Had the Duchess not been permanently drunk, pleaded the maid, she would have remembered that she had given her permission to telephone her family in Morocco. The maid was acquitted.
	Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the Duchess continued to entertain lavishly in her Grosvenor House apartment, but her final years were sad. Evicted from her Park Lane suite in 1990, she became a resident in a Pimlico nursing home.
	Speculation over the identity of the 'Headless Man' and the masturbating man continued after her death. In a documentary titled Secret History; the Duchess and the Headless Man shown on English television in August 2000, 'the Headless Man' was named as Duncan Sandys, later Baron Duncan-Sandys, son-in-law of Winston Churchill and a cabinet minister at the time the photo was taken. The man in the other photo was named as Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.
	Jennifer Jane Forwood, Baroness Arlington (11th in line)
	The barony of Arlington fell into abeyance in 1936 on the death of the 9th Duke of Grafton. It was called out of abeyance in May 1999. The following article appeared in The Times of 27 May 1999:-
	A 60-year-old housewife takes her seat in the House of Lords today after a two-year battle to claim an ancient ancestral title.
	Jennifer Forwood, the wife of a retired financial adviser, won permission from the Queen to call herself Lady Arlington at the same time that her right to sit in the Lords was being abolished.
	Lady Arlington will be one of only 17 women hereditary peers and the first Arlington to sit in the House of Lords since 1685.
	The family title fell into abeyance in 1936 when the last Lord Arlington died aged 21 [22] at the wheel of his Bugatti racing car. [the title was one of the subsidiary titles of the 9th Duke of Grafton. For details of his death, see the note under that peerage]. Mrs. Forwood's mother, the elder of his two sisters, could have claimed the title but chose not to do so.
	The newly ennobled Lady Arlington, a mother of two from Shaftesbury in Dorset, said yesterday: "I did this for family reasons. When a title has been in abeyance for a hundred years, it becomes extinct and I did not want that to happen. It is an English title and we are losing so much of our heritage. The title will now stay to be passed down the family even after the House of Lords is abolished."
	Mrs. Forwood and her legal advisers began combing the ancient records in 1997 after the death of her mother. The main obstacle was finding proof that the title could pass down through the female line, as until the 20th century all the heirs had been male.
	The evidence was eventually found in the 17th-century letters patent held in the Public Record Office at Kew.
	The title was created in 1645 [1665] for Sir Henry Bennett, a member of Charles II's inner cabinet known as the Cabal, who had helped the King to regain the throne.
	Sir Henry, born in Harlington, East London, is said to have chosen the title so that his wife would not be confused with another "Lady Bennet", a famous courtesan. The H [in Harlington] was dropped when the patent was made out.
	The couple's only child was a daughter called Isabella and Lord Arlington begged the King to allow the title to pass through the female line rather than become extinct.
	In 1672 Isabella married Henry FitzRoy, the first Duke of Grafton, who was also an illegitimate son of Charles II. Until the 20th century, a male heir carried on the joint title of the Duke of Grafton and Baron of Arlington.
	When the 9th Duke was killed in a race the Grafton title passed to a distant cousin, but the barony fell into abeyance.
	Mrs. Forwood persuaded her surviving aunt to forfeit her right to the title and she finally received her writ of summons. She said: "It has been a long two years but it is fascinating to look back at the family history. It was quite an adventure and we finally came across the correct documentation.
	"I believe my family seat is in Norfolk, but of course the Duke of Grafton and his ancestors [descendants] are entitled to that now."
	Baroness Arlington will take her place in the second chamber today in a brief and simple oath-taking ceremony at which peers are not required to wear robes.
	Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour
	The following is extracted from The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971 by L G Pine [Heraldry Today, London, 1972].
	Sir Thomas Arundell [was] born ca 1560 and imprisoned in 1580 for his zeal as a Roman Catholic, but in 1588 subscribed £100 toward defeating the Spanish Armada. At an early age he went as a volunteer to the Imperial Army and served very valiantly against the Turks capturing a standard from them at Gran in Hungary. The Emperor, Rudolph II, thereupon created him a Count of the Holy Roman Empire … The Emperor's edict commended Arundell to Queen Elizabeth I, but she took a very different view of the matter on his return to England. In [Pine's] preface to the 102nd edition of Burke's Peerage [1959], in commenting on the use of foreign titles by British subjects, [Pine] wrote …
	The classical case on which the question was formally raised and decided is that of Thomas, 1st Lord Arundell of Wardour who had gone with the Queen's consent and with letters of recommendation from her to serve the Emperor against the Turks. For the conspicuous bravery that he had shown in action he was made a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. When he came back with his new dignity he found the Queen furiously angry with him and public opinion on her side. The Peers made a formal representation against any recognition of his title, saying 'that it belongeth only to the Prince and not to any other to confer dignities on his own subjects!' He was committed to the Fleet Prison for two months and banished from court. The Queen settled the question of the recognition of foreign titles by a famous pronouncement: 'As chaste women ought not to cast their eyes upon any other than their own husbands, so neither ought subjects to cast their eyes upon any other prince than him whom God hath set over them. I would not have my sheep branded with another man's mark; I would not have them follow the whistle of a strange shepherd.'
	Blanche Arundell, wife of the 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour (1583-1649)
	Blanche was the 6th daughter of Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester. She married Thomas Arundell, 2nd Baron Arundell of Wardour in 1607. She is remembered for her gallant defence of Wardour Castle during the English Civil War.
	The Arundell family was of Cornish descent but had lived in Wiltshire for 200 years when the English Civil War broke out. Like most of the west of England, Wiltshire strongly supported the Royalist cause. When the fighting began, Lady Arundell's husband and son, together with most of their retainers, went off to join the King's armies in the field, leaving only 50 men to stay with Lady Blanche, her daughter-in-law, Cecily, and Cecily's two young sons, aged 9 and 7 and her young daughter.
	In 1643, Charles I was obliged to collect his scattered forces to make up an army to relieve Reading. As a result, the Royalist garrison at Malmesbury was withdrawn. The local Parliamentary commander, Sir Edward Hungerford, took advantage of this withdrawal by moving his forces out of Somerset into Wiltshire. On the afternoon of 2 May 1643, he reached Wardour and, finding it very strong, summoned a Colonel Strode with his forces to his aid. This made, in all, an army of around 1300 to besiege a castle of little military value and housing no more dangerous an enemy than a 60-year-old woman, a younger woman with 3 children and some servants and retainers.
	Hungerford sent out a trumpeter calling upon Lady Blanche to surrender the castle, on the pretext that the castle 'being a receptacle of cavaliers and malignants, both Houses of Parliament had ordered it to be searched for men and arms.' Lady Blanche refused this command, replying that 'I have a command from my lord [her husband] to keep it, and I will obey that command'.
	The only weapons in the castle were muskets and cross-bows. The castle itself had not been built for military purposes and was nestled on the side of a slope, so that on three sides the rising ground gave the attackers an advantage.
	As soon as the sun was well up the following morning, cannons began to bombard the castle, continuing without respite for six days. The first shot crashed into the banqueting-hall, smashing the great chimney-piece of red marble. The defenders valiantly responded with a hail of musket fire. The few men in the castle had to stay at their posts without sleep, and almost without food, since Lady Blanche and the other women were kept busy loading the defenders' muskets.
	During the first four days of the siege, Hungerford, on several occasions offered terms of surrender, guaranteeing safe quarter to the women and children, but not to the men. Lady Blanche replied steadily that she and the women with her preferred to die rather than accept such terms.
	After the rejection of this offer, the Parliamentarians exploded two mines. The first was laid in a passage to a vault through which beer and wood were brought into the castle. Because it exploded outside the castle's foundations, it did little damage. However, the second mine was exploded in vaults honeycombing the foundations of the castle and caused major damage to those foundations.
	By the sixth day, the attackers had succeeded in being able to throw balls of fire through the shattered windows, and all hope of holding the castle was lost. Agreeing to a parley, Lady Blanche stated her terms - everyone in the castle must be given quarter, men and women alike, and the women must be allowed to make disposal of their clothes. Six serving men were to be allowed to attend Lady Blanche and all the furniture and goods within the castle were to be guaranteed immunity from plunder.
	Lady Blanche, her daughter-in-law and the three children were taken as prisoners to Shaftesbury. Hungerford did not, however, fulfil the remainder of his undertaking. The interior of the castle was stripped bare, paintings were ripped off the walls and torn to pieces, all of the outhouses were burned down, all of the ancient oaks and elms were cut down. In short, they attempted to destroy as much as possible, probably influenced by the fact that around 60 of their number had been killed in the siege.
	Meanwhile, Lady Blanche's husband had been wounded in battle and had died at Oxford, soon after he had received the news that the castle had fallen and that his wife and his son's family had been made prisoners of war. The two young boys were separated from their mother and sent to Dorchester.
	After Hungerford's men had trashed the castle, it was maintained as a garrison with Colonel (later Lieutenant-General) Edmund Ludlow (c 1617-1692) as its Governor. He had no sooner ensconced himself in the castle than Henry Arundell, Lady Blanche's son and, following the death of his father, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, appeared and demanded its surrender. Ludlow refused, and in December 1643, the castle was again under siege, eventually falling on 18 March 1644. Arundell spared Ludlow's life and tried to exchange him for his two children, but without immediate success, although he eventually recovered his children in an exchange of prisoners later in the year.
	In due course the entire family was re-united. Lady Blanche died at Winchester in October 1649 and was buried at Tisbury, near Salisbury. Her epitaph reads 'Who shall find a valiant woman? The price of her is a thing brought afar, and from the uttermost coast. The heart of her husband trusteth in her.' This quotation is from Proverbs 31:10.

	Copyright © 2003-2018 Leigh Rayment
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